植物耐低磷胁迫的根系适应性机制研究进展  

Research progress on the root adaptation mechanism of plants under low phosphorus stress

作　　者：许仙菊[1] 张永春[1] XU Xian-ju;ZHANG Yong-chun(Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Jiangsu),Ministry of Agriculture,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2018年第6期1425-1429,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-B9);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(15)1004]

摘　　要：低磷胁迫是限制植物生长的主要因子之一。虽然农田每年施入大量磷肥,土壤也累积了较高的磷,但是一些植物仍会表现出缺磷,施磷仍能增产。植物磷肥当季利用率很低,一般只有20%～30%,这造成了磷资源的浪费,增加了磷的潜在环境风险。磷肥利用率低的主要原因是土壤累积的磷不能被植物全部吸收利用,根系是植物吸收磷的最主要器官,植物根系对磷的吸收是植物耐低磷能力和磷肥利用率的关键。本文综述了低磷胁迫下植物根系形态和构型的变化,根系分泌物对低磷胁迫的响应特征和根际土壤难溶性磷的活化机制,着重阐述了这些根系形态、生理和化学变化与植物耐低磷之间的关系。在此基础上,对将来的研究进行了展望,特别强调了需要在现有机制上能有所突破和推进,并加强低磷胁迫下植物根系的改良和遗传育种方面的理论研究和实际应用。Low phosphorus(P)stress is one of the primary factors limiting plant growth.Although large amounts of P fertilizers were applied in the field and accumulated in soils,P fertilizer was still effective in some plants due to the deficiency of P.The utilization rate of P was very low,accounting for only 20%-30%of applied P fertilizer,which coused the waste of resource and increased the potential environmental risk.The main reason for the low utilization rate of P fertilizer was that the P accumulated in soil couldn't be fully absorbed by plants.Root is the main organ for the absorption of P by plants,so the key of improving P use efficiency and enhancing plant tolerance to low P was to increase the ability of nutrient uptake of plant roots.This paper summarized the effects of low P stress on the root architecture,root exudates,and mobilization of non-soluble P in soils.The relationship between these effects and the mechanisms of plants’adaptation to low P was emphasized.Following this,we give some recommendations on the future research in this field,especially on the theoretical breakthrough and practical application of root modification and genetic breeding under low P stress.

关 键 词：植物 低磷胁迫 根系分泌物 根际环境 磷养分有效性 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]