后CHNO类含能材料的发展思考  

Insights into the Development for Post-CHNO Energetic Materials

作　　者：黄辉[1] 黄亨建[1] HUANG Hui;HUANG Hengjian(Institute of Chemical Materials,CAEP,Mianyang 621900,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,四川绵阳621900

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2018年第11期889-895,905,共8页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11076002)

摘　　要：现代武器装备对含能材料提出了更高要求,传统含能材料的发展遇到了新挑战。分析了传统CHNO类含能材料存在能量与感度及稳定性陷阱、贮能释能已接近极限等技术瓶颈。综述了国内外笼形化合物、氮簇化合物及聚合氮、金属氢等方面的新进展和研究动向。提出了基于炸药爆炸行为与反应速率调控的新技术,运用多尺度设计理论和方法,拓展了含能分子贮能体系的新思路,主要包括基于原子组合的化学键贮能设计、基于分子组合的分子间贮能设计、基于微纳米结构复合的贮能设计等途径,探讨未来高能量密度含能材料(HEDM)的发展思路。Modern warfare puts forward new requirements for weapon equipments,such as long-distance delivery,precision strike,high-efficiency damage and strong survivability,hence traditional energetic materials face unprecedented challenges.This paper reviews the main bottlenecks in the development of CHNO energetic materials,energy and sensitivity,stability contradictions,and energy storage-release limit.The research and development trends in cage compounds,nitrogen compounds,polymeric nitrogen,and hydrogenium at home and abroad are briefly introduced.Based on these ideas,new strategies are proposed to design energetic materials by multi-scale methods,and further expand the molecular energy storage system according to the explosion features of explosives and the control of reaction rate.Some potential design approaches to energy storage based on atomic combination,molecular combination and micro/nano-structure composites are recommended to carry out extensive and profound researches in energetic material fields.

关 键 词：含能材料 CHNO类 高能量密度材料 笼形化合物 氮簇化合物 金属氢 贮能设计 

分 类 号：O69[理学—化学] TQ560.71[化学工程—炸药化工]