NK细胞在HIV感染中的作用:进展和展望  

Role of NK cells in HIV infection:progress and prospect

作　　者：曾永秦 逄晓莉 汪笛 李蓓 樊立娜 郝禹[2] 李国立[2] 杜娟[2] 赵红心[1,2] ZENG Yong-qin;PANG Xiao-li;WANG Di;LI Bei;FAN Li-na;HAO Yu;LI Guo-li;DU Juan;ZHAO Hong-xin(Department One of Infectious Diseases,Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital,100015,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地坛教学医院感染一科,100015 [2]首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院感染一科,100015

出　　处：《传染病信息》2018年第6期566-571,共6页Infectious Disease Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81672000)

摘　　要：NK细胞作为免疫系统的一个重要组成部分,在免疫防御和免疫监视的过程中起着关键作用。NK细胞是重要的抗病毒免疫细胞,识别被感染细胞后,能快速分泌颗粒酶和穿孔素裂解细胞,并分泌促炎症因子如IFN-γ、TNF-α引起更广泛的免疫应答,控制机体病毒的数量。目前研究表明,HIV感染可以引起NK细胞亚群数量及功能的改变,NK细胞也能控制HIV及感染细胞,有助于病毒的清除与控制。抗反转录病毒治疗能在一定程度上恢复HIV感染者CD4+T细胞的数量,将病毒载量控制在低水平,但病毒储存库的存在仍然是HIV治疗所面临的一个巨大的挑战。最近对猴免疫缺陷病毒感染的猕猴和HIV感染者的研究发现,存在于B细胞滤泡中的NK细胞可抑制病毒复制、清除储存库,为病毒储存库的清除提供新的研究方向。随着对NK细胞研究的深入,其在HIV感染中发挥的作用也越来越受到重视。本文对NK细胞的表型、功能及其在HIV感染中的改变与作用进行介绍,为今后的研究提供思路。NK cells,occupying a significant niche in the immune system,play a critical role in the immune defense and surveillance.NK cells are important antiviral immune cells,which can rapidly secrete granzyme and perforin as well as pro-inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ,TNF-αto induce a broader immune response and control viruses after recognizing infected cells.The present study demonstrates that HIV infection leads to changes in the number and function of NK cell subsets,while NK cells also control HIV and infected cells,which is conductive to the viral clearance and control.Antiretroviral therapy has been able to restore the number of CD4+T cells in HIV-infected patients to some extent and controls the viral load at a low level,but the viral reservoirs remain a huge challenge for HIV treatment.Recent studies on simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques and HIV-infected individuals have found that NK cells in B-cell follicles can inhibit viral replication,clear viral reservoirs and provide a new direction for the clearance of viral reservoirs.With recent advances in our understanding of NK cells,the role of NK cells playing in HIV infection becomes increasingly important.This article introduces NK cells phenotype,function,changes and effects in HIV infection and provides ideas for future research.

关 键 词：自然杀伤细胞 人类免疫缺陷病毒 病毒储存库 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]