不同渗漏强度下寒区节水灌溉水稻生长发育与产量特征研究  

Growth and yield characteristics of rice control irrigation under different seepage rate in cold region

作　　者：栾雅珺 于艳梅 徐俊增[1] LUAN Yajun;YU Yanmei;XU Junzeng(College of Agricultural Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业工程学院,江苏南京210098 [2]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《水利科学与寒区工程》2018年第12期20-24,共5页Hydro Science And Cold Zone Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400103);江苏水利科技项目(2016068)

摘　　要：本文基于不同渗漏强度的测桶试验,研究其对寒地水稻生长发育与产量特征的影响。结果表明:稻田日渗漏量越大,土壤含水率下降越快,这种规律性在生育前期更为明显。稻田日渗漏强度大,降低了分蘖成穗率和株高,减小了叶面积指数,不利于地上干物质的积累,进而影响产量。进一步讨论不同渗漏强度对产量及其构成要素的影响,日渗漏强度越大,一方面抑制水稻分蘖,最终有效穗株显著降低;另一方面能够帮助水稻根系生长,促进养分的吸收,提高结实率。每穗粒数和千粒重随着日渗漏强度的增大而降低,但处理间差异不显著。为了能保障较高的千粒重,需要在抽穗开花期到乳熟期适当提高灌水下限。在渗漏强度比较大的地区,节水灌溉条件下水稻对灌溉及时度的要求更高,即在土壤含水率达到下限时应及时进行灌溉,否则难以保证高产。In this study,potted rice was used as a test object to investigate the effects of different seepage rate on the growth and yield characteristics of rice in cold regions.The results showed that the larger daily seepage rate of rice field,the faster the soil moisture content decreased,and the regularity of soil water content change in the early growth stage was better than that in the later growth stage.The lower percentage of tiller,the lower plant height and the smaller the leaf area index gradually with greater daily seepage rate.It is not conducive to the accumulation of dry matter on the ground,thus affecting yield.Further discussed the effect of different seepage rate on yield and its components.On one hand,the greater seepage rate inhibited rice tillering,and significantly reduced the effective panicle number.On the other hand,the greater seepage rate can help rice root growth,promoted nutrient absorption,and increased seed setting rate.The lower grain number per spike and the lower 1000-kernel weight gradually with the greater daily seepage rate,but was not remarkable difference among the treatments.In order to ensure a higher 1000-grain weight,it is necessary to appropriately increase soil water lower limit at flowering stage and milk stage.The final yield decreased with the greater daily seepage rate,the maximum yield decreasing range was under the condition of 3 mm/d seepage rate.Therefore,the recommended seepage rate is≤2 mm/d,and timely irrigation should be conducted when the soil moisture content reaches the lower limit,otherwise it is difficult to ensure high yield.

关 键 词：水稻控灌 渗漏强度 土壤含水率 产量及其构成要素 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S274