近代以来我国公民概念和相关概念使用的流变及其检视  

Evolution and Review of Concept of Citizen and Related Concepts in Modern China

作　　者：左晶[1,2] 艾依曼.艾尼瓦尔 ZUO Jing;Ai Yi-man(Law School, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;Law school, Xinjiang Universityof Finance and Economics, Urumqi Xinjiang 835000, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872 [2]新疆财经大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐835000

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第12期68-71,共4页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究新疆项目:新疆违法流浪儿童预防;救助;回归研究(14XJJC820003);全国教育科学规划单位资助教育部规划课题:新疆高校学生社团组织建设研究(FHB110063)

摘　　要：自我国第一部宪法性文件《钦定宪法大纲》至1947《中华民国宪法》的宪法性文件中的主权归属、参政权主体、基本权利主体均不一致,最显著的相同点是主权归属均"国民",基本权利主体为"人民",不同点是规范文本中参政权主体由""人民"演变为"国民"成为主流,"公民"在宪法及法律文本的使用较少。新中国成立后承袭苏联的立法范例,我国54、75、78、82宪法的主权归属、参政权主体、基本权利主体规定较为一致,均采用"人民"作为主权归属、参政权主体为"公民",基本权利主体为"公民"的单一主体体例。在国际人权背景下,世界各国宪法文本中主权归属主要是"人民",但基本权利主体中"任何人"与"公民"的两分将成为人权保障的主流,专属公民的权利呈现限缩的发展趋势,也正符合了公民作为参政权的本质内涵。Since the first constitutional document"Outline Imperial Constitution"to the1947"Republic of China Constitution",sovereign and the subject of political power were not inconsistent with the subject of the basic rights.The most significant point were that the sovereign was"national",and the subject of the basic rights was"people",but the different point was that the subject of the political power in the text was evolved from"people"to"national".The concept of citizenship was used less in the constitution and law texts.After the founding of China,Constitutional texts inherited the legislative examples of the Soviet Union,therefore among the54,75,78,82Constitution of China,sovereign,the subject of political power,the subject of the basic rights was the same,the sovereign was"people"and the subject of the basic rights was"citizen",the subject of the political power in the text was also"citizen".Under the background of international human rights,the sovereign was"people"in the World constitution texts,and two points of"anyone"and"citizen"became the mainstream of human rights protection in the subjects of the basis.

关 键 词：公民 主权归属 基本权利主体 参政权主体 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]