快递服务合同的有名化  

On the Legislation of the Express Delivery Service Contract

作　　者：贾玉平[1] JIA Yu-ping(Hebei University of Economics and Business,Shijiazhuang,Hebei050061,China)

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学法学院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2019年第1期119-128,共10页China Business and Market

基　　金：2018年河北省社会科学基金项目"快递服务合同纳入民法典合同编的立法建议"(HB18FX009)

摘　　要：快递服务合同作为一种独立于货运合同等合同类型的新型合同,既具备相当的重要性,又具备足够的典型性和复杂性,有必要根据其特征进行专门和系统调整,使之成为规范适用上更具针对性、明晰性和科学性的有名合同。而快递服务合同有名化与当前民事立法指导思想的契合、相关科学研究的深入、相关立法活动的进行、司法实践经验的积累为之提供了现实条件。具体来看,快递服务合同的有名化在路径选择上并不适合交由其他立法完成,而应将之扩增为民法典合同编中的一种合同类型;在入典方式上,不宜在货运合同中依附立法或在运输合同一章中单独设节,而应独立设章,规定在运输合同之后;在调整范围和调整方法的确定上,应避免非民事化倾向,排除既有相关经济立法和国家标准的影响,不对快递服务监管范围进行调整,不对企业内部工作环节进行规范,而应聚焦快递服务合同关系进行立法,并贯彻合同自由原则,避免借助国家干预手段对并不涉及社会公共利益的问题制定强制性规范;在立法内容上,既要追求规范的全面性,做到流程全覆盖、主体全涉及、权利义务无遗漏,又要避免立法冲突和立法重复,以确保法典的体系性。此外,还要突出立法重点,着力对快递企业义务、快递企业违约责任和已经具备成熟稳定性的快递服务合同现象进行明细规范;对尚处于发展变化中的问题进行适度前瞻,采用概括式立法,不做过于具体的规范,为之预留充分发展空间。Express delivery service contract,a new independent type of contract,is not only important,but also classic and complicate;it is necessary for us to carry out specific and systematic adjustment on it to make it to be legislative contract with pertinency,clarity,and being scientific.The legislation related guidance,the deepening related research,the legislation related activities,and the accumulation of judicial practice provides the legislation of express delivery service contract with realistic foundation.Specifically speaking,in terms of path,the legislation path of express delivery service contract should be making it to be one of the contract types in Contract Chapter of Civil Code;in terms of pattern,it should be the independent chapter following the transportation contract;in terms of adjustment scope and method,we should focus on express delivery service contract relations,and adhere to the principle of contract freedom;in terms of content,we should pursue the comprehensiveness of standardization to guarantee the systematic of the code.Besides,we should stress the highlights of the legislation,and clearly standardize the obligation and default responsibility of express enterprises,and so on;and we should have prospect on developing problems,and leave more space for the future development.

关 键 词：民法典 合同编 合同类型的扩增 合同有名化 快递服务合同 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济]