播期与密度对宁夏引黄灌区早熟冬小麦生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Sowing Date and Planting Density on Growth and Yield of Early-maturing Winter Wheat in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

作　　者：何进尚[1] 张维军[1] 王小亮[1] 亢玲[1] 陈东升[1] 袁汉民[1] 党根友[1] HE Jinshang;ZHANG Weijun;WANG Xiaoliang;KANG Ling;CHEN Dongsheng;YUAN Hanming;DANG Genyou(Institute of Crops,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yongning,Ningxia 750105,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏永宁750105

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2018年第12期38-43,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏农业育种专项"小麦新品种选育"(2013NYYZ02);宁夏农林科学院科技创新先导资金项目"黄曲霉素对作物种质资源保存的影响研究"(NKYG-17-30)

摘　　要：为宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦一年两熟制高效生产模式提供理论依据,通过田间试验,研究不同播期(9月20日—10月10日)与密度(525万～825万株/hm^2)种植条件下早熟冬小麦的农艺性状及产量表现。结果表明:冬小麦生育期随播期推迟而缩短;早播分蘖成穗率高、晚播越冬率低;随密度增大分蘖成穗率呈降低趋势,越冬率呈升高趋势;有效穗随播期推迟而降低、随密度增大而升高;穗粒重随播期推迟呈先升后降趋势,随密度增大呈下降趋势;高密度早播、低密度晚播的千粒重大;千粒重对产量的贡献最大,产量随播期推迟、密度增大呈先升后降趋势,在播期9月30日与密度750万株/hm^2的处理组合条件下,产量与其他处理达显著或极显著差异。宁夏引黄灌区早熟冬小麦适宜播期为9月30日前后、密度为750万株/hm^2左右。The effects of different sowing date(from 20,September to 10,October)and planting density(5.25-8.25 million plants/hm^2)on agronomic traits and yield of early-maturing winter wheat were studied by a field experiment to provide the theoretical basis for high-efficiency production patterns of winter wheat under the double cropping system in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area.Result:The growth period of winter wheat is shortened with delay of sowing date.The earring-tiller percentage of winter wheat is higher on early sowing date but the wintering rate is lower on late sowing date.The earring-tiller percentage and wintering rate of winter wheat shows a declining trend and rising trend with increase of planting density respectively.The effective ears of winter wheat decrease with delay of sowing date but rise with increase of planting density.The grain weight/ear of winter wheat shows a rising first and then declining trend with delay of sowing date but a declining trend with increase of planting density.The 1000-grain weight of winter wheat is higher on early sowing date with higher planting density and late sowing date with low planting density patterns.The trait of 1000-grain weight has the maximum contribution to yield of winter wheat.The yield presents a rising first and then declining trend with delay of sowing date and increase of planting density.The yield of winter wheat under the pattern of sowing date on 30,September+7.50 million plants/hm^2 planting density is very significantly or significantly higher than other treatments.In conclusion,the optimum sowing date and planting density for early-maturing winter wheat are on 30,September and 7.50 million plants/hm^2 in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area respectively.

关 键 词：早熟冬小麦 播期 密度 一年两熟 引黄灌区 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]