不同基质对架式栽培番茄生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Substrates on Growth and Yield of Elevated Cultivation of Tomato

作　　者：秦利杰 焦娟[1,2] 文莲莲 倪秀男 魏珉[1,3] Qin Lijie;Jiao Juan;Wen Lianlian;Ni Xiunan;Wei Min(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taian 271000,China;Huang-Huai-Hai Facility Agricultural Engineering Scientific Observation Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [3]农业部黄淮海设施农业工程科学观测实验站,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第12期45-49,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD05B03);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题(鲁财农指[2015]16号);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-23);山东农业大学"双一流"科技创新团队设施园艺优势团队专项(SYL2017YSTD07)

摘　　要：以番茄品种‘圣罗兰’为试材,利用架式槽栽系统,研究了三穗果打顶条件下,不同栽培基质对植株生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与CK(草炭∶蛭石=2∶1)相比,随菇渣替代草炭比例的增加(T1,草炭∶菇渣∶蛭石=1∶1∶1;T2,菇渣∶蛭石=2∶1),基质容重、总孔隙度均呈先升高后降低趋势;而椰糠基质(T3,成型椰糠板;T4,散装椰糠)的容重均低于CK,总孔隙度均高于CK;基质速效氮、磷含量以椰糠基质较低,速效钾含量以CK最少,微生物数量以椰糠基质最少;番茄株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积、根体积、干物质量及净光合速率等指标随菇渣替代草炭比例的增加均先升高后降低,而T3椰糠基质优于CK;折合666. 7m2产量,T1和T3分别比CK增产13. 99%和3. 52%,且T1提高果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC含量;投入产出比排序为T3>T4> CK> T1> T2。综合番茄生长、产量和基质成本等因素,草炭∶菇渣∶蛭石=1∶1∶1可作为推荐基质配方。The effects of different cultivation substrates on the plant growth,yield and quality of Saint Laurent tomato were studied under the condition of three panicle fruit toppling with elevated cultivation system.The results showed that with the increasing proportion of replacing turf with mushroom residue(T1,peat∶mushroom residue∶vermiculite=1∶1∶1;T2,mushroom residue∶vermiculite=2∶1),the bulk density and total porosity of the matrix increased firstly and then decreased compared with CK(peat∶vermiculite=2∶1).The bulk density of the coconut matrix(T3,molded coconut bran plate;T4,bulk coconut)was lower than CK and the total porosity was higher than CK.The content of available nitrogen and phosphorus was lower in the coconut matrix,the available potassium content was the minimum in CK,and the microbial quantity was the least in the coconut matrix.The plant height,stem diameter,root length,root surface area,root volume,dry matter quality and net photosynthetic rate all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of substitution ratio of mushroom residue for peat,and T3was superior to CK.The yield of T1and T3increased by13.99%and3.52%respectively compared with CK,and their content of soluble solids,soluble sugar and V C increased,too.The order of the input-output ratio was T3>T4>CK>T1>T2.Integrating the factors such as tomato growth,yield and substrate cost,the treatment with peat∶mushroom residue∶vermiculite=1∶1∶1could be used as the recommended matrix formulation.

关 键 词：番茄 基质 架式栽培 生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.204.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]