油菜割台竖割刀切割频率随动调节装置设计与试验  

Design and Test of Cutting Frequency Follow-up Adjusting Device for Vertical Cutting Knife of Rapeseed Cutting Machine

作　　者：柴晓玉 徐立章[1] 严超 梁振伟[1] 马征[1] 李耀明[1] CHAI Xiaoyu;XU Lizhang;YAN Chao;LIANG Zhenwei;MA Zheng;LI Yaoming(School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业装备工程学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第12期93-99,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0702101);江苏省333高层次人才培养工程项目;江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：针对不同前进速度下传统油菜联合收获机竖割刀切割频率保持不变,在竖切割分禾处形成较大的重割区或漏割区导致油菜割台损失增大、作业性能不稳定等问题,设计了左右两个步进电机分别驱动的油菜双竖切割随动调节装置,仿真分析了不同前进速度对竖切割分禾处重割区和漏割区的影响,综合考虑油菜成熟度等因素的影响,获得了前进速度与竖割刀切割频率的理想理论匹配关系;设计了以S7-1200PLC为控制器的油菜竖割刀切割频率随动控制系统,通过检测机器前进速度信号,再根据理论匹配关系输出脉冲控制步进电机,实现竖切割频率的随动控制;施用脱水剂7 d后完熟油菜收获对比试验表明,使用该竖割刀频率随动控制系统的油菜割台总损失率下降了36. 15%～41. 16%,竖割刀分禾损失率下降了40. 84%～48. 20%。The cutting frequency of the vertical cutter in the traditional rape combined harvester at different speeds keeps constant. It will cause the large re-cutting or leakage zone and lead to the increase of cutting header loss. At the same time, the work performance will be unstable. A double vertical cutter follow-up control device driven by two stepper motors was designed. And the influence of different advancing speeds on the cutting area and the cut off area of vertical cutting was analyzed. Considering the influence of rapeseed maturity and other factors, the best theoretical matching relationship between advancing speed and cutting frequency for vertical cutter was obtained. Then, the servo control system was designed for cutting frequency of vertical cutter based on S7 1200PLC. By detecting the forward speed signal of the machine and controlling the stepper motor according to the best theoretical matching relation, the follow-up control for vertical cutter frequency was realized. The comparison test of the harvested rapeseed after one week of applying the dehydrating agent showed that the total loss rate of the rapeseed header using the vertical cutter frequency follow-up control system was decreased by 36.15%~41.16%, and the loss rate of the vertical cutting knife was decreased by 40.84%~48.20%. When the characteristics of rapeseed and the harvesting conditions of the machine were changed, the magnitude of total loss rate of header and the loss rate of vertical cutter may be changed, but the downward trend was consistent, and more working conditions were needed for comparative analysis.

关 键 词：油菜联合收获机 竖割刀 随动调节装置 割台损失 

分 类 号：S225.31[农业科学—农业机械化工程]