水氮限量供给对盐渍化农田玉米光能利用与产量的影响  

Effect of Limited Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate on Radiation Utilization Efficiency and Yield of Maize in Salinization Farmland

作　　者：徐昭[1] 史海滨[1] 李仙岳[1] 田彤 付小军 李正中 XU Zhao;SHI Haibin;LI Xianyue;TIAN Tong;FU Xiaojun;LI Zhengzhong(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China;Shahaoqu Irrigation Experimental Station, Jiefangzha Management Bureau of Hetao Irrigation District, Bayannur 015400, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域管理局沙壕渠试验站,巴彦淖尔015400

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第12期281-291,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51539005;51769024);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400205)

摘　　要：为确定河套灌区畦灌条件下盐渍化农田玉米适宜的灌溉和施氮量,田间试验设置了3个灌溉水平150、225、300 mm(分别记为W1、W2和W3)和3个施氮水平172. 5、258. 8、345 kg/hm2(分别记为N1、N2和N3),研究限量水氮对盐渍化农田玉米生殖生长阶段土壤水盐状况、光截获率、光能利用效率(RUE)及产量的影响,并基于通径分析方法探讨了产量形成机制。结果表明:相同施氮量下,W3和W2在玉米抽雄-灌浆期的光截获率显著高于W1(P <0. 05),W3与W2差异不显著;水、氮及交互效应显著影响RUE,特别在灌浆期,RUE与灌溉量和施氮量在一定范围内呈正相关,而过量灌溉或施氮对RUE有抑制作用,适度减氮控水能显著提高RUE; W2N2的产量分别较W3N3、W3N2增产4. 01%、3. 91%(P> 0. 05),适度节水节氮不会显著影响产量;产量与灌浆期叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势、光截获率呈显著正相关,RUE对产量的直接贡献最大,生物累积量、LAI、光合势和光截获率均通过RUE对产量的间接贡献较大; W2N2相比其他处理明显改善了玉米生长后期土壤水盐状况,有利于促进冠层发育和提高光合生产力,其较小平均叶倾角和较大LAI有利于提高光截获量和光合作用面积,特别是其灌浆后期LAI和光合势较其他处理提高7. 15%～42. 24%和5. 95%～37. 60%,LAI下降速率分别较W3N3、W3N2减缓37. 35%、53. 49%,具有更加合理的冠层结构,表现出较高的光合性能,显著促进了生物量的累积(P <0. 05),灌浆期RUE较其他处理显著提高18. 61%～66. 93%,在本试验条件下产量最高。W2N2处理具有节水、节肥、稳产及高光效的优势,可作为河套灌区盐渍化农田玉米适宜水氮模式。Radiation use efficiency ( R UE ) is critical for improving crop yield. The object was to explore the influence of limited irrigation and nitrogen rates on the canopy light interception rate, R UE and yield of maize under border irrigation in salinization irrigation district and realize the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen. A field experiment was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District (HID). The experiment referred to the local conventional irrigation and nitrogen amounts in HID, which had three irrigation amounts (W1, 150 mm; W2, 225 mm; and W3, 300 mm, which was the local conventional irrigation amount) and three nitrogen amounts (N1, 172.5 kg/hm^2 ; N2, 258.8 kg/hm^2 ; and N3, 345 kg/hm^2 , which was the local conventional nitrogen application amount), meanwhile, interactive experiments were carried out. The leaf area index ( L AI ), leaf inclination angle ( M FIA ), photosynthetic active radiation and biomass of maize were measured at the tasseling-filling stage, and soil water and salt contents and the final yield were also measured at the same time. To investigate the mechanism of maize yields in salinization farmland, the correlation analysis and path analysis methods were used. Main conclusions were as follows: the light interception rate ( F ) of maize was significantly affected by irrigation at the tasseling-filling stage in salinization farmland. At the same nitrogen application rate, the F of W3 and W2 levels were higher than that of W1 level, but the difference of F between W2 and W3 was not significant; the R UE of maize was significantly ( P <0.05) affected by irrigation, nitrogen and interaction effects in salinization farmland. Especially, at grain filling stage, R UE was increased with the increase of irrigation and nitrogen rates, but the promotion of R UE had inhibition growth effect when excessive irrigation or nitrogen application was conducted. The R UE of maize was significantly improved with the moderate reduction of irrigation and nitrogen application rate; maize yields were s

关 键 词：玉米 畦灌 盐渍化农田 限量灌溉和施氮 光能利用效率 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S311[农业科学—农业工程]