水下爆炸冲击试验中舰员及舰体监测结果分析  

Results of monitoring of experiment of non-contact underwater explosion aboard a warship

作　　者：曹淑玉[1] 郭云[1] 黄士霖[2] 吴静波 吕晓东[1] 葛宏[1] 景百胜[1] CAO Shuyu;GUO Yun;HUANG Shilin;WU Jingbo;LV Xiaodong;GE Hong;JING Baisheng(Institute of Aviation Medicine of Air Force,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心(原空军航空医学研究所),北京100089 [2]清华大学,北京100084 [3]海军装备研究院舰船研究所,北京100161

出　　处：《空军医学杂志》2018年第6期365-368,共4页Medical Journal of Air Force

摘　　要：目的监测舰艇在遭受水下非接触爆炸冲击试验过程中所受冲击作用大小及舰员的生理参数变化,为实船水下爆炸冲击试验的安全防护提供依据。方法在水面舰艇遭受水下1 000 kg TNT当量的沉底水雷相距100 m的非接触爆炸冲击作用时,利用动态多参数生理记录检测仪(简称生参仪)对处在舰艇不同位置的9名舰员和1名模拟假人进行生理指标(心电图、心率、呼吸率、体表温度)及两轴向加速度值(Gz、Gy)监测记录;假人只监测Gz、Gy值。同时在舰艇内多个部位安放生参仪检测盒,监测记录舰体所受冲击力的大小。结果人体表心脏水平所受冲击力Gz值为(0.23～2.17)G,Gy值为(-0.39～0.66)G,在人体可承受的范围内。假人体胸部所受冲击力Gz值为(0.13～1.92)G,Gy值为(-0.42～0.85)G,高于同一位置的真人体。舰体所受Gz值为(3.41～>9)G～(-2.90～-5.45)G;Gy值为(0.91～2.98)G～(-0.49～-1.82)G,明显高于人体所受的冲击强度。爆炸前、后舰员的心率及呼吸率明显增快,爆炸前最快心率(107～171)次/min,最快呼吸率(22～29)次/min;爆炸后最快心率(113～155)次/min,最快呼吸率(24～33)次/min,爆炸后30 min内平均心率和平均呼吸率均高于爆炸前,平均心率前后对比有统计学意义(t=2.929,P=0.019)。体表温度爆炸前后无明显变化。爆炸过程中没有发生人体损伤。结论水下爆炸冲击试验对人体自主神经功能有较大影响,本试验中舰员所受冲击作用强度及生理参数变化在安全范围内。Objective To monitor the degree of explosion impact and physiological state of shipboard crew members during an experiment of non-contact underwater explosion on board a warship in order to provide reference for related experiments.Methods The physiological and physical parameters of 9 shipboard crew members and a manikin who were in different locations were recorded by biomedical monitoring instrument for experiments of non-contact underwater torpedo explosion on warships.The torpedo explosion happened with 1 000 kg TNT equivalent and 100 meters away from the warship.The recorded parameters included ECG,HR,respiratory rate,body temperature and bi-axial acceleration values(Gz and Gy),but only accelerations were recorded on the manikin.Several other monitoring devices were placed in different locations to record the explosion impact on the warship.HR,respiratory rate and body temperature measured in 30 min before and after explosion were compared.Results The acceleration ranges associated with the explosion around the heart were respectively(0.23-2.17)G and(-0.39-0.66)G along the Gz and Gy axis,which were tolerable to the human body.The acceleration ranges for the warship and manikin were(3.41->9)^(-2.90-5.45)G of Gz,(0.91-2.98)-(-0.49-1.82)G of Gy,and(0.13-1.92)G of Gz,(-0.42-0.85)Gy respectively,which were higher than those of shipboard crew members.The highest HR before and after the explosion was 107-171 bit/min and 113-155 bit/min respectively.The average heart rate was significantly increased within 30 min of explosion(t=2.929,P=0.019).The highest respiratory rates before and after the explosion were 22-29 times/min and 24-33 times/min respectively,but the body temperature did not change significantly after explosion.No injury to humans or devices occurred.Conclusion Underwater explosion impact test has great influence on the autonomic nervous system of humans and can cause stress arrhythmia.The variation of impact strength and crew members'physiological parameters are in the safe range.

关 键 词：非接触水下爆炸 舰艇冲击运动 加速度 心电描记术 心率 评估 人员防护 

分 类 号：R83[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]