中国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务实践模式评估  

Evaluation of China's Practice Model of Child Care Service for Children Aged 0-3 Years

作　　者：杨雪燕[1] 井文[1] 王洒洒[1] 高琛卓 YANG Xueyan;JING Wen;WANG Sasa;GAO Chenzhuo(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an Shaanxi,710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《人口学刊》2019年第1期5-19,共15页Population Journal

基　　金：西安交通大学2018年度基本科研业务费(人文社科类)专项科研项目:新时代全面二孩政策下0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务的发展战略研究

摘　　要：本文提出七要素的新公共服务理论框架,包括理念、项目、方式、规范、机制、政策和效果。以七要素的新公共服务理论框架为基础,对中国0-3岁婴幼儿托育服务的实践模式进行识别和分类,在此基础上对不同模式的效果进行评估。研究发现政府主导模式、市场主导模式和企事业主导模式除在服务项目上较为相似,即大多都包括保育和早教项目,在理念、方式、规范、机制和政策上均存在较大的差异,从而导致了服务效果的不同。目前中国托育服务模式的主要问题是托育服务政策及管理的缺位。建议明确托育服务的公共服务地位,构建"政府主导、市场主体、社会参与、家庭补充"的多元供给体系。完善托育服务政策,制定行业相关标准。建立统筹协调的托育服务管理机制和监管机制,制定符合现阶段发展特征、科学、灵活的托育机构准入机制。加快托育从业人员的培养,鼓励高校、职校开设0-3岁婴幼儿托育相关专业,培养婴幼儿护理、早期教育等方面的专业人才。探索建立以社区为依托,包含不同教育理念、不同层次、灵活多样的托育服务体系。建立以托管照料为主、以早期教育为主及保教兼顾的满足不同托育需求的服务机构及全日制、半日制、计时制、假期托管等多样化托育服务方式。This paper proposes a New Public Service theory frame work with seven factors,including beliefs,contents,methods,norms,mechanisms,polices and outcomes.Based on the New Public Service theory framework,this paper identifies and classifies the practice modes of China's child care service for children aged 0-3 years and evaluates the effects of different modes.The study finds that the government-led model,market-led model,and enterprise-led model are similar in terms of service items,that is,most of them include care and early education programs.There are great differences in beliefs,methods,norms,mechanisms,and policies.As a result,the outcomes of the service modes are different.At present,the main problem of China's child care service is the absence of policy and management.It is recommended to clarify the public service status of the child care service and build a multi-supply system of"government-led,market-oriented,social-participated,and family-supplemented".We suggest to improve the policy of child care service and formulate relevant standards for the industry.We recommend the establishment of a comprehensive and coordinated management mechanism and supervision mechanism for the child care service,and the establishment of a scientific and flexible access mechanism that is in line with current development characteristics.We suggest to accelerate the cultivation of personnel in the field of child care,encourage colleges and vocational schools to set up programs related to child care for children aged 0-3 years,and cultivate professional talents in infant care and early education.Explore the establishment of community-based,including different education concept,different levels,flexible and diverse child care service system.We propose to establish a service organization that mainly focuses on trusteeship,mainly focuses on early education,and takes into account the care and education to meet different educational needs,as well as various modes of supporting education,such as full-time,half-day,time-keeping and vac

关 键 词：0-3岁婴幼儿 托育服务 新公共服务理论框架 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]