营养液浓度对水稻机插水培毯状苗秧苗素质及产量的影响  

Effects of nutrient solution concentrations on quality and yield of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting

作　　者：李玉祥[1,2] 解双喜 刘扬 丁艳锋 王绍华[1] 刘正辉[1] 唐设[1] 丁承强 陈琳[1] 李刚华[1] Li Yuxiang;Xie Shuangxi;Liu Yang;Ding Yanfeng;Wang Shaohua;Liu Zhenghui;Tang She;Ding Chengqiang;Chen Lin;Li Ganghua(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for InformationAgricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group/Agricultural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心/南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,南京210095 [2]新疆石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第24期201-209,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研究计划资助项目(2017YFD0301200;2016YFD0300505);石河子大学高层次人才资助项目(RCSX201724);石河子大学绿洲生态重点实验室开放基金(201702);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2017369);江苏现代农业产业体系资助项目(SXGC[2017]283)

摘　　要：为探明机插水稻育秧新方法——水培毯状苗育秧方法壮秧培育适宜的营养液浓度,以武运粳24号(常规粳稻)和6两优9368(杂交籼稻)为试验材料,分析不同水培营养液浓度(S1、S2、S4、S8,分别表示营养液浓度为原液浓度的1、2、4、8倍,原液组成为:0.643 g/kg N、0.615 g/kg P2O5、0.359 g/kg K2O、127.2 mg/kg Mg、26.34 mg/kg Fe、8.26mg/kg Mn、0.11 mg/kg Mo、0.66 mg/kg B、0.99 mg/kg Zn、1.405 mg/kg Cu、49 mg/kg SiO2、709.1 mg/kg Ca)对水培毯状苗育秧方法秧苗素质、机插质量、大田群体生长及产量形成的影响。结果表明,移栽前秧苗地上部干物质积累量、苗基宽、发根力、叶片和根系氮含量、叶面积指数、光合速率总体上均随着营养液浓度的增加呈增加趋势;然而,高营养液浓度处理时秧苗根系生长受到抑制(干物质积累小、根系活性低),叶片和根系丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量升高、抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD))下降,成苗率变差,机插空穴率升高。低营养液浓度(S1)处理的秧苗素质弱、机插大田后返青活棵慢、分蘖发生延迟、干物质积累量低、穗数不足而影响产量(武运粳24号为10.74 t/hm^2,6两优9368为10.96 t/hm^2);随着营养液浓度的增加(S2～S4),产量呈增加趋势(S2和S4处理下,武运粳24号产量分别为12.09和11.64 t/hm^2,6两优9368分别为12.16和12.47 t/hm^2);但产量并没有随着营养液浓度的升高而持续增加,S8处理下,武运粳24号产量为11.59t/hm^2,6两优9368产量为11.48 t/hm^2),主要受限于穗数不再增加,且穗粒数有下降趋势。因此,水培毯状苗育秧方法适宜的水培营养液浓度,常规粳稻武运粳24号为S2(2倍于原液浓度),杂交籼稻6两优9368为S2～S4(2～4倍于原液浓度)。Hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings (HLMS) is a novel seedling cultivation method that improves work efficiency with lower labor costs, increases flexibility of seedling age, enables high-yield and high-efficiency rice production. Seedbed nutrient management is very important for the cultivation of vigorous rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting. Thus, it is of great importance for high yield formation to understand rice seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, field growth characteristics and yield formation affected by different nutrient solution concentrations. In this paper, field experiment was conducted in 2014 by using two different cultivars japonica rice (Wuyunjing 24) and indica hybrid rice (6 Liangyou 9368) under different nutrient solution concentrations S1, S2, S4 and S8 for HLMS. Those treatments mean 1, 2, 4, 8 times as much as original nutrient solution concentration, respectively, and the composition of original nutrients in the solution were 0.643 g/kg N, 0.615 g/kg P2O5, 0.359 g/kg K2O, 127.2 mg/kg Mg, 26.34 mg/kg Fe, 8.26 mg/kg Mn, 0.11 mg/kg Mo, 0.66 mg/kg B, 0.99 mg/kg Zn, 1.405 mg/kg Cu, 49 mg/kg SiO2, 709.1 mg/kg Ca. The results showed that there were increases in shoot dry biomass, seedling base stem diameter, root-developing ability, plant nitrogen content, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate along with the increase of nutrient solution concentrations for both cultivars before transplantation. However, under the high nutrient solution concentration (S8), the root growth (dry matter accumulation, root activity) was inhibited, seedling emergence rate and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)), malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in leaves and roots were decreased. Further, the missing hill rate was increased along with the increase of nutrient solution concentrations in both Wuyunjing 24 and 6 Liangyou 9368 cultivars, and it was significantly higher in S8 than that of S1, S2 and S4. The floating seedling rate was increased firs

关 键 词：作物 叶面积指数 水稻 机插移栽 水培 秧苗素质 营养液浓度 产量 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]