螺带-螺杆式搅拌好氧堆肥反应器研制及应用效果  

Development and its application effect of aerobic compost bioreactor with helical ribbon and screw impeller

作　　者：缪宏[1,2] 杨铮 王蒙[1] 陈学好 张瑞宏[1] 刘思幸[1] Miao Hong;Yang Zheng;Wang Meng;Chen Xuehao;Zhang Ruihong;Liu Sixing(College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China;School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学机械工程学院,扬州225000 [2]农业部现代农业装备重点实验室,南京210014 [3]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第24期232-238,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江苏省科技计划项目(BE2016346);农业部现代农业装备重点实验室开放基金项目(HT20160359);江苏省自然科学基金项目(20170500;18KJB460032);江苏省农业"三新工程"项目(NJ2018-07);扬州市科技项目(YZ2017052;YZ2017279);扬州大学科技创新基金项目(2017CXJ021);扬州大学研究生培养创新工程项目(XKYCX17_042)

摘　　要：针对目前堆肥反应器存在的原料呈压实块状、通气性能差、通风阻力大、产品难以均质化等问题,设计了螺带-螺杆式好氧堆肥反应试验装置,采用计算流体力学方法对螺带-螺杆搅拌作用的搅拌流场进行了数值模拟分析,并进行了好氧堆肥性能试验。通过流场的数值模拟,揭示了螺杆-螺带式搅拌叶片对物料具有很好的搅拌及轴向流动性能,堆肥试验结果表明:上、中、下3层的50℃以上的时间分别为7.3、6.8、5.5d,反应过程中氧气体积分数均大于8%,各层堆料的最终碳氮比介于15～20之间,发芽指数均大于88%,重金属含量符合农用标准的要求,因此该反应器可以实现好氧堆肥的无害化、均质化。In recent years, with the rapid development of the poultry industry in China, it has brought enormous challenges to the ecological environment. The reduction, recycling and innocuous treatment of these organic solid wastes can be achieved by aerobic composting. The vertical reactor has a simple structure, effectively shortens the compost reaction time and improves the composting reaction environment. Therefore, the aerobic compost reactor has good practical value. However, due to the gravity accumulation of the material, the reactor has some problems, such as compacted material, poor ventilation, high ventilation resistance, and difficulty in homogenizing the product. In order to solve these problems, spiral-belt-spiral-impeller aerobic compost bioreactor was designed with real-time monitoring of insulation, temperature and oxygen content. This reactor has a volume of 100 L. Computational fluid dynamics method was used to analyze the flow field within the reactor. The 3D solid modeling of the internal flow field model in the reactor was completed by Soildworks modeling, and the MRF(multiple reference frame) method was used to deal with the interaction between the stationary reactor inner wall and the moving stirring blade. The analysis of the velocity field distribution and velocity vector on the y=0 section demonstrated that the reactor had good axial flow through the internal velocity distribution. The performance of the reactor was studied in aerobic composting test. The raw materials for composting were cow manures, wheat straw and mushroom residues, and the total reaction time was 24 days. The reaction was evaluated by measuring the temperature, oxygen concentration, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N, total phosphorus, total potassium, germination index, total heavy metals and sensory indicators in the upper, middle and lower layers of the reactor. During the composting reaction process, the performance of aerobic composting test showed that the upper, middle and lower temperatures above 50 were ℃ 7.3, 6.8

关 键 词：堆肥 装备 性能试验 螺带-螺杆 反应器 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]