71例头孢菌素类抗菌药物致儿童迟发型过敏反应报告  

Reports on 71 Cases of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Children Induced by Cephalosporins

作　　者：徐田田[1] 狄国杰 宋振民[1] XU Tiantian;DI Guojie;SONG Zhenmin(Dept.of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong Liaocheng 252000, China)

机构地区：[1]聊城市人民医院药学部,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《中国医院用药评价与分析》2018年第12期1700-1702,共3页Evaluation and Analysis of Drug-use in Hospitals of China

摘　　要：目的:探讨头孢菌素类抗菌药物致儿童迟发型过敏反应的一般规律和特点,以指导临床合理用药。方法:对2013—2017年聊城市人民医院儿科病房上报国家药品不良反应监测中心并确认的71例头孢菌素类抗菌药物致儿童迟发型过敏反应报告进行统计分析。结果:71例使用头孢菌素类抗菌药物发生迟发型过敏反应的患儿中,男性55例,女性16例,男性明显多于女性;年龄1 d至12岁,其中1个月至1岁患儿最多(36例,占50.70%);引起迟发型过敏反应的药物以头孢曲松钠、头孢唑肟钠等第3代头孢菌素为主(68例,占95.77%);一般的药品不良反应68例(占95.77%);迟发型过敏反应主要累及皮肤及其附件(66例,占92.96%),其中35例应用了地塞米松进行抗过敏治疗。结论:对儿童尤其是<1岁的婴儿和新生儿,应规范、合理应用头孢菌素类抗菌药物,并全程加强监测,及时发现迟发型过敏反应,积极采取有效措施应对,保障患儿用药安全。OBJECTIVE: To probe into the general patterns and characteristics of delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) in children induced by cephalosporins, so as to guide clinical rational drug application. METHODS: 71 cases of DTH in children induced by cephalosporins in pediatric ward of Liaocheng People’s Hospital from 2013 to 2017 reported to the National ADR Monitoring Center were collected and analyzed. METHODS: Of the 71 cases of DTH in children induced by cephalosporins, the number of male were 55 cases, which was significantly more than that of female(16 cases); all patients aged between 1 day to 12 years old, mostly were aged between 1 month to 1 year old(36 cases, 50.70%); the drugs that caused DTH were mainly the third-generation of cephalosporins including ceftriaxone sodium and ceftizoxime sodium(68 cases, 95.77%); 68 cases(95.77%) were general adverse drug reactions; the DTH mainly involved skin and its accessories(66 cases, 92.96%), of which 35 cases had applied with dexamethasone for antianaphylactic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: For children, especially infants and newborns <1 year old, the application of cephalosporins should be standardized and rationalized, the monitoring should be strengthened throughout the whole process to promptly detect and adopt effective measures to ensure their safety.

关 键 词：头孢菌素类抗菌药物 儿童 迟发型过敏反应 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]