紫胶林中蚂蚁-紫胶虫互利关系和寄主植物多样性对节肢动物各营养级的影响  

Effects of the mutualism between ants and lac insects and host plant diversity on various trophic levels of arthropods in lac plantation

作　　者：王庆[1] 卢志兴[1] 赵婧文[1] 陈又清[1] WANG Qing;LU Zhi-Xing;ZHAO Jing-Wen;CHEN You-Qing(Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650024, China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,昆明650224

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2018年第12期1430-1438,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470493;31270561)

摘　　要：【目的】昆虫之间的互利关系和植物多样性在生态系统中具有重要的作用,本研究旨在探讨蚂蚁-紫胶虫互利关系的下行效应以及寄主植物多样性的上行效应对节肢动物群落各营养级的影响。【方法】试验样地位于云南省普洱市墨江县雅邑乡的人工紫胶林中。通过随机裂区试验方法,于2016年8月和9月分两次用手捡法、网扫法和震落法采集了蚂蚁-紫胶虫3种互利关系处理(有互利关系、无互利关系和自然对照)以及3种植物多样性处理(单一种植、2树种混植和3树种混植,分别代表植物多样性1, 2和3)下样地寄主植物上所有的节肢动物,并按照不同营养级将其分类。【结果】蚂蚁-紫胶虫互利关系会显著降低消费者多度[有互利关系(14.2±0.95)<自然对照(18.57±1.13)<无互利关系(23.27±1.38),(F=4.290,P=0.017)],植物多样性会显著提高消费者多度[植物多样性1(13.49±2.54)<植物多样性2(16.31±2.50)<植物多样性3(25.01±2.47),(F=56.03,P<0.001)];在两者的交互作用下,无论哪个植物多样性水平上,有互利关系处理的消费者多度都显著低于无互利关系处理的消费者多度(F=6.850,P<0.001)。互利关系对捕食者多度无显著影响(F=1.277,P=0.284),植物多样性会显著增加捕食者多度[植物多样性1 (1.72±0.49)<植物多样性2 (3.42±0.54)<植物多样性3 (3.59±0.55),(F=10.976,P<0.001)],两者的交互作用对捕食者多度无显著影响(F=0.428,P=0.788)。互利关系和植物多样性会显著增加蚂蚁多度[自然对照(44.08±8.94)<有互利关系(324.82±65.35),(F=48.9,P<0.001)],[植物多样性1(86.31±12.51)<植物多样性3 (131.20±18.80)<植物多样性2(151.27±21.68),(F=137.85,P<0.001)],两者的交互作用也会显著增加蚂蚁多度(F=80.31,P<0.001)。【结论】蚂蚁与紫胶虫的互利关系显著降低植物上的植食性害虫,对捕食者不产生显著作用,但显著提高蚂蚁多度;而植物多样性对节肢动物各营养级都有【Aim】Mutualism between insects and plant diversity play an important role in the ecosystem.The purpose of this study is to investigate the top-down effects of the mutualism between ants and lac insects and the bottom-up effects of plant species diversity on various trophic levels of the arthropod community.【Methods】The experimental plots were located in a lac plantation in Yayi town,Mojiang county,Pu′er city,Yunnan province,southwestern China.In August and September,2016,following a randomized split-plot experiment design,we collected all the arthropods on the host plants under three treatments of ant-lac insect mutualism(presence of mutualism,absence of mutualism,and natural control)and three levels of plant diversity(monoculture,bi-species plantation and tri-species plantation representing plant diversity 1,2 and 3,respectively)in the experimental plots by using hand-collection,shake-down and sweeping methods,along with classification of all arthropods according to different trophic levels.【Results】Mutualism between ants and lac insects significantly reduced the consumer abundance[presence of mutualism(14.2±0.95)<natural control(18.57±1.13)<absence of mutualism(23.27±1.38)](F=56.03,P<0.001),plant diversity increased the consumer abundance significantly[plant diversity 1(13.49±2.54)<plant diversity 2(16.31±2.50)<plant diversity 3(25.01±2.47)](F=4.290,P=0.017).Under the interaction effect of mutualism and plant diversity,consumer abundance in the treatment with the presence of mutualism was significantly lower than that in the treatment with absence of mutualism in all the three levels of plant species diversity(F=6.850,P<0.001).Mutualism had no significant effect on the predator abundance(F=1.277,P=0.284),plant diversity increased the predator abundance significantly[plant diversity 1(1.72±0.49)<plant diversity 2(3.42±0.54)<plant diversity 3(3.59±0.55)](F=10.976,P<0.001),and the interaction between plant diversity and mutualism had no significant effect on the predator abundance either(F=0

关 键 词：蚂蚁 紫胶虫 植物多样性 上行效应 互利关系 下行效应 营养级 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]