1933—1937年间华北白银走私与中国各方应对探析  

An Analysis of Silver Smuggling of North China and the Countermeasures during the Period from 1933 to 1937

作　　者：肖红松[1] XIAO Hong-song(School of History,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学历史学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第6期68-83,共16页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2015年度国家社会科学基金项目"1933年至1937年日本走私华北及中国各方的应对研究"(项目编号:15BZS080)阶段性成果

摘　　要：日本政府借助美国白银收购政策所引发的中国白银外流之机,利用在华北攫取的特殊权益和外交军事威势,庇护日韩浪人走私白银,使华北地区成为中国白银走私的"最大漏洞",藉此破坏中国金融秩序、削弱中国财力。日本纵庇走私的另一目的在于确保走私银元顺利运入伪满洲国、朝鲜和日本本土,充实储备或转售牟利,以增加侵华之财力。华北白银走私的诸种样态与运作机制确需细致探究。中国政府实行提高白银出口税和平衡税政策,联合外资银行遏制白银合法外流。在防止白银走私方面,国民政府及华北地方政府、津海关、北宁铁路局颁行多项法规,压缩商民携银出境额度,实行运银领照制,并开展有限度缉私,加强关路合作稽查,寻求日方协助禁运。以上举措在限制本国商民走私上发挥了一定作用,但对涉日走私案件的处置表明中国政府与虎谋皮。华北大规模白银走私的终止是多种因素共同作用的结果,零散走私仍在继续。透过华北白银走私与反走私斗争亦可观察华北危局乃至战前中日关系的历史走向。Because the American Silver Policy caused the silver outflow phenomenon,the Japanese government began to shelter the Japanese and Korean smuggling silver by using the special rights grabbed from China and the threat of diplomacy and military forces.And then,the North China became the "biggest loophole" for silver smuggling.One aim is to undermine China’s financial order and sap China’s finances.Meanwhile,another aim is to ensure the silver can transport to Manchukoku,Korea and Japan safely for enriching reserves or getting profits by reselling in order to increase financial resources to invade China.The various types and operation mechanism of silver smuggling in North China need to study in detail.The ROC tried to restrain silver outflow legally by allying with foreign banks with raising export taxes and balance taxes on silver policy.On preventing silver smuggling,many laws and regulations were enacted by the ROC,local government of North China,Tianjin Customs and Beining Railway Bureau,such as reducing silver limits for merchants departures,carrying out silver transport license,finite anti-smuggling,strengthening Customs and Railway Bureau cooperation and questing Japanese assistance for imposing embargo.All these laws and regulations played a certain role in restraining smuggling by Chinese merchants.However,the dispositions related Japanese showed that the ROC did an impossibility.Various elements made the termination of large-scale smuggling,but smuggling phenomena still happened occasionally.Through analyzing silver smuggling in North China and anti-smuggling fights,this article tries to study the dangerous situation of North China and Sino-Japan relationship at that period.

关 键 词：白银走私 反走私 华北危局 中日关系 

分 类 号：K265.3[历史地理—历史学]