配方施肥对汉源葡萄青椒叶片光合特性的影响  

Effects of formulated fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics of 'Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao'

作　　者：熊靓 龚伟[1] 王景燕[1] 赵昌平[1] 唐海龙[1] 周于波 舒正悦 XIONG Jing;GONG Wei;WANG Jingyan;ZHAO Changping;TANG Hailong;ZHOU Yubo;SHU Zhengyue(Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering,Sichuan A gricultural University,Chengdu, Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期79-89,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省农作物育种攻关项目(2006YZGG-10;2011NZ0098-10;2016NYZ0035);四川省农业科技成果转化项目(16NZ0067)

摘　　要：【目的】分析N、P、K配方施肥时汉源葡萄青椒的光合特性,为筛选适宜植株生长的施肥配方提供参考。【方法】以竹叶花椒新品种汉源葡萄青椒为研究对象,采用三因素四水平正交试验设计,对N(0,75,150,300kg/hm2)、P(0,30,60,120kg/hm2)、K(0,75,150,300kg/hm2)各配方施肥处理条件下,汉源葡萄青椒叶片的气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)和叶面饱和水汽压亏缺(Vpdl)等指标进行分析,探讨汉源葡萄青椒光合特性与施肥量和环境因子的关系。【结果】各配方施肥处理条件下,汉源葡萄青椒叶片Gs、Pn、Tr和Vpdl日变化均呈"单峰"型曲线,峰值分别出现在14:00、10:00-12:00、14:00和14:00;Ci日变化呈"单谷"型曲线,谷值出现在10:00-12:00;WUE日变化呈"双峰"型曲线,峰值分别出现在10:00和16:00,最大值出现在10:00左右;Gs、Pn、Tr、WUE和Vpdl日平均值均以施肥处理高于不施肥处理,而Ci日平均值则以施肥处理低于不施肥处理;N、P和K施肥量分别在193.0～193.3,74.2～82.8和174.7～180.0kg/hm2时,能较好地促进植株生长并获得较高的叶片Pn和WUE;Pn与树高、地径、冠幅、叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),Gs和Tr与光合有效辐射(PAR)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),提高叶片Pn的最佳光合有效辐射(PAR)为1 119.1μmol/(m2·s)。【结论】适宜的N、P和K施肥量能延长汉源葡萄青椒叶片Pn达到峰值的时间,对提高叶片Pn和WUE及促进植株生长具有重要作用。【Objective】The photosynthetic characteristics of‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao’under N,P and K fertilization were analyzed to provide basis for selecting suitable plant growth fertilizer formula.【Method】This study selected the new variety‘Hanyuan Putao Qingjiao’of Zanthoxylum armatum and the experiment was designed with three factors and four levels of N(0,75,150,300 kg/hm^2),P(0,30,60,120 kg/hm^2),and K(0,75,150,300 kg/hm^2).The stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),net photosynthesis rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),efficiency of water application(WUE),and vapor pressure deficit at the leaf surface(Vpdl)were measured and the relationships between photosynthesis characteristics and fertility amount and environmental factors were analyzed.【Result】Under various fertilization conditions,the diurnal variations of leaf Gs,Pn,Tr and Vpdl followed single peak curve,with the peaks occurring approximately at 14:00,10:00-12:00,14:00,and 14:00,respectively.Leaf Ci followed a single valley curve,with the valley occurring approximately at 10:00-12:00.The diurnal variation of leaf WUE followed a double peak curve,with the peaks at 10:00 and 16:00,and the maximum at 10:00.The mean leaf Gs,Pn,T<r,WUE and Vpdl values of fertilizing treatments were higher than those of non fertilizing treatment,while leaf Ci of fertilizing treatments were lower than that of non fertilizing treatment.The plant growth was greatly promoted and high leaf Pn and WUE were obtained when N,P,and K fertility amounts were 193.0-193.3,74.2-82.8 and 174.7-180.0 kg/hm^2,respectively.Leaf Pn significantly and positively correlated with tree height,ground diameter,canopy and chlorophyll content.Leaf Gs and Tr highly significantly and positively correlated with PAR and the optimum PAR for leaf Pn was 1 119.1μmol/(m^2·s).【Conclusion】Appropriate N,P,and K fertilization could prolong the period of leaf Pn reaching peak,so as to increase leaf Pn and WUE and promote seedling growth.

关 键 词：配方施肥 汉源葡萄青椒 光合特性 日变化 

分 类 号：S573.906.2[农业科学—作物学]