秸秆还田下生物炭和硫酸铵对稻田N_2O和CH_4排放的影响  

Effects of biochar and ammonium sulfate on N_2O and CH_4 emissions from paddy soil with straw returning application

作　　者：韩自强 宋贺[1] 夏炎 车钊 王军 申田田 武小亮 董召荣[1] HAN Ziqiang;SONG He;XIA Yan;CHE Zhao;WANG Jun;SHEN Tiantian;WU Xiaoliang;DONG Zhaorong(College of Agriculture,Anhui Agriculture University,Hefei,Anhui 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期135-143,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300908-02);农业部-世界银行-全球环境基金气候智慧型重要粮食作物生产项目(WB Pro No.144531/GEF Pro No.5121);安徽农业大学创新训练项目(AH201510364004)

摘　　要：【目的】以江淮地区麦茬稻田为对象,研究秸秆还田下不同施肥处理对稻田N_2O和CH_4排放的影响,并结合水稻产量计算不同处理综合温室效应(GWPs)和温室气体强度(GHGI)。【方法】试验采用裂区设计,主处理2个水平,为秸秆还田(S)和秸秆移除(NS),副处理4个水平,分别为不施氮肥(CK)、传统施肥(T0)、生物炭与尿素配施(T1)和单施硫酸铵(T2),共计8个处理,采用静态暗箱-GC气相色谱法检测不同处理稻田N_2O和CH_4排放通量,测定土壤温度、湿度和无机氮含量,统计水稻产量,计算综合温室效应和温室气体强度。【结果】无论是秸秆还田还是移除条件下,除CK外,其他施肥处理的N_2O和CH_4排放通量都会在基肥和追肥施用后出现峰值。无论秸秆还田与否,与传统施肥处理相比,生物炭与尿素配施和单施硫酸铵处理均能显著降低N_2O和CH_4累积排放通量。在秸秆还田和移除条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,生物炭与尿素配施处理均会导致水稻产量显著降低,但会提高土壤NO3-含量,增加对周围水体污染的风险。在秸秆移除和还田条件下,与传统施肥处理相比,单施硫酸铵均能显著增加水稻产量,增幅分别为12.27%和7.78%。与秸秆移除相比,秸秆还田条件下单施硫酸铵会显著促进N_2O排放,但显著降低CH_4的排放以及综合温室效应和温室气体强度。【结论】在目前秸秆还田造成CH_4排放增加的背景下,用硫酸铵替代尿素能显著降低CH_4排放,并提高水稻产量,降低综合温室效应,施用效果最佳。【Objective】This study analyzed effects of different fertilization treatments on N2O and CH4 emissions from rice in wheat stubble field in Jianghuai area and calculated the global warming potentials(GWPs)and greenhouse gas intensities(GHGI)combined with rice yields under straw returning application.【Method】The split plot design was adopted with a total of 8 treatments.Two main treatments consisted of straw application(S)and straw removal(NS)and four sub-treatments included no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),traditional fertilization(T0),black carbon and urea(T1)and ammonium sulfate(T2).The N2O and CH4 emission fluxes were monitored with a static chamber and gas chromatography method.The soil temperature,humidity,inorganic nitrogen contents and rice yields under different fertilization treatments were measured and GWPs and GHGI were calculated.【Result】N2O and CH4 emissions peaked after basal and topdressing application under all treatments expect CK regardless straw returning application.Compared to traditional treatments,the addition of biochar and ammonium sulfate effectively reduced N2O and CH4 emissions.Compared to T0,the addition of biochar significantly decreased rice yield and increased soil NO-3 content and risk of NO-3 pollution to surrounding water regardless straw returning.Compared to T0,ammonium sulfate significantly increased rice yield by 12.27%without straw returning and 7.78%with straw returning.Compared with straw removal,ammonium sulfate addition under straw application promoted N2O emission but significantly reduced CH4 emission,GWPs and GHGI.【Conclusion】With the increase of CH4 emissions due to returning straw to paddy field,substitution of urea by ammonium sulfate was the best for reducing CH4 emissions and GHGI,while increasing yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 N2O CH4 综合温室效应 温室气体强度 生物炭 硫酸铵 

分 类 号：S343.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]