逐利行为、市场外部性与社会困局——市场主体的有限理性及其问题  

Profit-seeking Action, Market Externalities and Social Dilemmas:The Limited Rationality of Market Subject and Its Problems

作　　者：朱富强 Zhu Fuqiang(School of Economics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004,China;Lingnan College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学经济学院,河南开封475004 [2]中山大学岭南学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2019年第1期1-10,共10页Contemporary Economic Management

基　　金：广东省创新团队项目<社会主义市场经济理论基础与政策体系>(2016WCXTD001)

摘　　要：基于"无形的手"原理,现代主流的新古典自由主义经济学认为理性经济人行为可以导向帕累托优化的结果。但是,新古典自由主义经济学的分析仅是基于完全理性所作出的一种虚构,而现实生活中的个体所具有的是短视理性;相应地,现实世界中的经济人行为往往会导致集体非理性的囚徒困境,从而必然无法达到帕累托最优的福利境地。同时,在现实世界中,囚徒困境还会衍生出一系列的问题,如自然资源的掠夺性开发和枯竭、寻租的盛行以及租金耗散等。最后,市场经济中的囚徒困境根本上体现了经济人行为的外部性,因为行为者为最大化自身利益而不惜向外转嫁成本或损失;而且,由于市场信息的不完全性,市场外部性的存在必然会导致资源配置的无效。Based on the principle of "invisible hand", modern mainstream economics supports that rational economic man's action will lead to the outcome of Pareto's optimization. However, the analysis of modern mainstream economics is only a fiction based on full rationality, while the actual individual is of short sighted rationality. Accordingly, economic man's action will lead to prisoner's dilemma with collective irrationality, so that the state of Pareto optimal welfare will be unable to be achieved. At the same time, a series of problems will be derived from prisoner's dilemma in real world such as the exploitation and depletion of natural resources, the prevalence of rent-seeking and rent dissipation, etc.. Finally, The prisoner's dilemma in market economy comes from the externality of economic-man behavior, because the actor is willing to transfer costs or losses to the outside world in order to maximize his own interests. What's more, due to the incomplete market information, market externalities will inevitably lead to the allocation of resources invalid.

关 键 词：经济人 囚徒困境 资源枯竭 租金耗散 外部性 

分 类 号：F014.3[经济管理—政治经济学]