宋代城市中层居民经济活动初探——以《夷坚志》为中心  

A Preliminary Study on the Economic Activities of the Middle-class Urban Residents in the Song Dynasty——on the basis of Tales of Yi Jian

作　　者：刘树友[1] LIU Shu-you(College of Humanism,Weinan Normal University,Weinan 714099,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南师范学院人文学院,陕西渭南714099

出　　处：《西安建筑科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第6期40-47,共8页Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：渭南师范学院人文社科研究项目"宋代城市经济研究--以<夷坚志>为中心考察"(17SKZD01)

摘　　要：城市居民构成及其属性发生显著变化,是宋代城市发展出现重大转折之一重要标志。主要从事工商业生产的城市常住人口成为宋代城市居民的主体构成部分。卷帙浩繁、包罗万象、记述周详生动的宋代著名学者洪迈独纂的志怪小说集《夷坚志》,大量记述了当时城市居民的经济活动。立足《夷坚志》记载,依从业和财力状况看,宋代城市中层居民,大致包括独立从事各类工商业生产、交通运输、屠宰家畜、瞧病救人、绘画雕塑及授徒讲学活动的城市常住人口。其中宋代城市中层居民独立从事的各类工商业生产,主要指经营饮食、住宿及洗浴服务、加工制作生产生活器具、跨地贩物、经营店铺及流动出售小商品五种形式。宋代城市中层居民从事各类工商业生产,有力推动了宋代社会经济尤其是城市经济的发展繁荣。It is one of the major turning points of the urban development in the Song Dynasty that the urban population composition and attributes changed remarkably. The city permanent population,mainly engaged in industrial and commercial production,becomes the main component of the urban residents of the Song Dynasty. Tales of Yi Jian by the scholar Hong Mai in the Song Dynasty,which is numerous and all-embracing in volumes and detailed and vivid in description,contains a large number of economic activities of urban residents then. According to the recordation of the book,the middle-class residents of the Song Dynasty generally include the city permanent population who are engaged in various occupations like industrial and commercial production,transportation,livestock slaughtering,medical practice,painting and sculpturing,and apprenticing and teaching in terms of their employment status and financial resources. Among them,the industrial and commercial production merely by the middleclass residents refers to five types of business,such as the catering services,the accommodation and bath services,the manufacture of production and life appliances,the cross-regional sales,the shop management and the petty commodity peddling,which effectively promotes the development and prosperity of the social economy,especially the urban economy in the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：宋代城市 中层居民 经济活动 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] I207.41[历史地理—中国史]