一种石漠区地表岩石裸露率测量方法  

Method to Measure Surface Rock Ratio in rRocky Desertification Areas

作　　者：刘娟 沈有信[1] 赵志猛[1,2] 赵高卷 LIU Juan;SHEN Youxin;ZHAO Zhimeng;ZHAO Gaojuan(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,昆明650000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《山地学报》2018年第6期973-980,共8页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点研发专项课题(2016YFC0502504);国家自然科学基金项目(41671031)~~

摘　　要：岩石裸露率是判定喀斯特石漠化等级最基础指标之一,其精度对判定石漠化分布区、划分等级、制订防治措施十分重要。传统机械布点法测量内容单一,无法满足日益严峻的石漠化治理需求。针对这一问题,本实验设计在小尺度不同粒径岩石裸露条件下,应用照片处理技术(拍照)获取岩石裸露率并分类径级的方法,并与传统机械布点测量方法进行比对。结果发现:拍照测量得到的岩石裸露率低于机械布点测量值,在拍照测量结果未达到石漠化(岩石裸露率<30%)时两种方法之间的差异显著,超过此比例后两种测量结果的差异随着岩石裸露率的增加而逐渐减小;拍照测量岩石裸露率变异系数高于机械布点测量结果,说明拍照方法更能反映喀斯特石漠化岩石高异质性特性;拍照测得石漠化区和治理区的岩石分布密度分别为111个/m2和67. 4个/m2,两个样地岩石优势粒径均为75～250 mm,但综合来看,治理区样地的岩石粒径尺寸要高于石漠化区。机械布点测量简单、快捷,但数据内容单一,拍照测量不仅可以反映岩石裸露率,还可同时测量岩石粒径和分布密度,敏感度较机械布点测量高,能反映喀斯特石漠化地区更多的细节和变异,能更好地服务于石漠化治理。The rock ratio is one of the fundamental criteria in the classification of rocky desertification,and its accuracy is important to identify,classify,and determine anti-desertification treatments in rocky desertification areas.The traditional mechanical dot surveying method(TDM),which provides only a single datum for the rock ratio,is unable to meet the increasing demand in rock desertification studies and practices in karst areas.Accordingly,a digital photographing method(DPM)was employed to determine the rock ratio and rock sizes in a rocky desertification area and in an anti-desertification treatment area in this study,and the results were compared to those with the TDM.They showed that the rock ratio of DPM was lower than was that of TDM.The difference in the rock ratio between the two methods was significant when the DPM ratio was<30%.When the DPM ratio was>30%,the difference between the two methods decreased with a increase in the DPM ratio.The DPM coefficient of variation of the rock ratio was higher than was that of TDM,indicating DPM's greater sensitivity to the rock distribution heterogeneity in karst areas.The rock density DPM determined was 111/m^2 and 67.4/m^2 in the rocky desertification area and the anti-desertification treatment area,respectively.The dominant rocks were 75~250 mm in size in both sites,and there was a trend in which the rocks in the treatment area were larger than those in the desertification area.Compared with TDM,which obtains a single rock ratio datum more easily and rapidly,the DPM can collect the rock ratio,as well as the rock size and density for each size group,has greater sensitivity,and identifies more details and variation in rocks to meet the requirements for rock studies and anti-desertification treatments.

关 键 词：喀斯特 石漠化 岩石裸露率 测量方法 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]