两岸异体字规范和实际用字情况的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Variant Specifications and the Actual Use of Variant Characters in Taiwan and China's Mainland

作　　者：孔祥卿[1] 王俊婷 Kong Xiangqing;Wang Junting(School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Laiwu CPC’s History Research Office,Shandong Laiwu 271199,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071 [2]莱芜市委党史研究室,山东莱芜271199

出　　处：《中国文字研究》2018年第2期159-172,共14页The Study of Chinese Characters

基　　金：天津市社科基金规划项目“汉字、音节、词汇交叉界面上的问题研究”(项目号:TJZW13-003)资助研究

摘　　要：本文通过对台湾《常用国字标准字体表》《次常用国字标准字体表》与大陆《第一批异体字整理表》的对比,并参考《现代汉语词典》中的重文异体,比较大陆和台湾对异体字整理规范的不同;通过对台湾"中研院""现代汉语平衡语料库"的调查,分析异体字的实际用字情况与大陆的异同.大陆一个正字对应台湾两个或以上正字的有347组,通过对"中研院"语料库的调查,只用或基本只使用一个字的有234组,其中用字情况或用字倾向跟大陆相同的有213组,跟大陆不同的有21组;几个字都在使用的有74组,其中几个字用字分工明确的或比较明确的有23组,某个读音和意义混用、其余意义分工清晰的有28组,几个字完全混用的有23组;几个字都很少用的39组.两岸都采取取舍策略但认定不同的异体为正字且为一一对应的有109组字,其中18组异体为繁简的差异,17字大陆为简体,1字大陆为繁体.By comparing List of Commomly-used Chinese Standard Characters and List of Hypoused Chinese Standard Characters of Taiwan with List of First Group of Variant Characters of China's Mainland, and refering variant forms in Morden Chinese Dictionary, we can find out the differences of the variant specifications between Taiwan and China's Mainland. Then we analysis the similarities and differences of the actual use of variant characters by surveying Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese(Sinia Corpus for short) of Taiwan. There are some conclusions. Firstly, there are 347 groups which one standard form of China's Mainland correspond to two or more forms of Taiwan. By surveying Sinia Corpus, we find out that there are 234 groups only or almost only using one character. Among these 234 groups, there are 213 groups which use the same form or majorly use the same form compared with China's Mainland and 21 groups which use the different form compared with China's Mainland. Besides, there are 74 groups using two or more forms in Taiwan. Among these 74 groups, there are 23 groups which have clear division or relatively clear division, 28 groups which have mixed usage in some specific pronunciation and meaning while other meanings have clear division, and 23 groups which have mixed usage in all meanings.There are39 groups that are rarely used. Secondly, there are 109 groups that both Taiwan and China's Mainland only take one standard form but the forms are different from each other. Among these 109 groups,there are 18 groups having difference in complexity and simplicity, 17 characters of China's Mainland are simpler and 1 character of China's Mainland is more complex.

关 键 词：台湾 大陆 异体字 正字 用字调查 比较研究 

分 类 号：H124.3[语言文字—汉语]