江阴市某小学水痘流行病学调查研究  

Epidemiological investigation of varicella in primary school in Jiangyin city

作　　者：蒋新 束方燕 姚建香 JIANG Xin;SHU Fangyan;YAO Jianxiang(Department of Preventive Health,Jiangyin Fifth People's Hospital,Jiangyin,Jiangsu214415,China)

机构地区：[1]江阴市第五人民医院预防保健科,江苏江阴214415

出　　处：《安徽医药》2019年第1期91-94,共4页Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal

基　　金：江苏省江阴市卫生和计划生育委员会科研项目(Z201509)

摘　　要：目的分析江阴市某小学水痘的流行病学特征,为江阴市疾病预防控制中心开展水痘的防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2016年3月6日至5月12日江阴市某小学暴发的水痘疫情及水痘事件监测资料进行流行病学分析。结果该校共有1680名学生,第1例患儿出现于2016年3月8日,3月27日至4月2日出现第1次聚集性暴发; 4月11日至4月15日出现第2次暴发高峰; 4月19日至5月12日出现第3次聚集性暴发。所有患儿均有疱疹,53. 26%的患儿有发热症状,44. 57%的患儿有流涕症状,81. 52%的患儿有咳嗽症状,57. 61%的患儿食欲减退,所有患儿均无其他并发症。该校水痘疫苗接种率为86. 79%,曾接种疫苗儿童发病率为0. 68%(10/1458);未接种疫苗儿童发病率为36. 94%(82/222),差异有统计学意义(χ2=489. 129,P=0. 000)。结论未接种疫苗儿童是水痘易感人群;有效接种及实行严格的隔离措施可以减少儿童水痘疫情的暴发,学校应加强疫情报告管理工作,通过多种方式普及水痘防控相关知识,减少水痘疫情的发生。Objective The epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in a primary school in Jiangyin city were analyzed to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox in Jiangyin Center of Disease Control and Prevention.Methods The epidemiological data of chickenpox and chickenpox in a primary school in Jiangyin city from March 6 to May 12,2016 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results There were 1800 students in the school.The first child with varicella occurred in on March 8,2016.There were first cluster outbreaks from March 27 to April 2,the second peak occurred from April 11 to April 15.The third peak occurred from 19 April to 12 May.All the children had herpes,53.26%had fever,44.57%had runny nose,81.52%had cough,57.61%had anorexia,and all the children had no other complications.The vaccination rate of varicella was 86.79%.The incidence of varicella was 0.68%(10/1458)in children who had been vaccinated and 36.94%(82/222)in children who had not been vaccinated(χ^2=489.129,P=0.000).Conclusion Effective vaccination can reduce the outbreak of chicken pox in children.Schools should strengthen the management of epidemic report,popularize relevant knowledge of chicken pox prevention and control through various ways,and reduce the occurrence of chicken pox epidemic.

关 键 词：水痘 横断面研究 儿童 接种 病人隔离 小学 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]