生物滞留设施净化城市面源污染研究进展  

Advance of research on urban non-point source pollution control by bioretention facilities

作　　者：姜登岭 张丹荣 何连生[2] 胡春明[2] 王宫廷 霍川 孟睿[2] JIANG Dengling;ZHANG Danrong;HE Liansheng;HU Chunming;WANG Gongting;HUO Chuan;MENG Rui(College of Architectural Engineering Institute,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学建筑工程学院,河北唐山063210 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2019年第1期96-102,共7页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07206-004)

摘　　要：生物滞留设施是城市面源污染控制的有效措施之一。综合分析了生物滞留设施的结构、水文效应、污染物的去除机理及其影响因素。生物滞留设施能有效控制雨水径流量,削减径流峰值,降低径流中总悬浮固体(TSS)、颗粒物、重金属、有机污染物和致病菌等浓度,但对硝酸盐氮(NO_3^--N)和溶解态磷(DP)的去除不稳定。生物滞留设施主要通过沉淀、过滤、吸附、离子交换、植物吸收和生物降解等作用去除污染物。影响污染物去除及径流量削减的因素包括植物种类、填料组成、深度与渗透系数、碳源。较长的雨前干燥期会导致NO_3^--N浓度增加,厌氧区的设置可以降低NO_3^--N浓度。生物滞留设施结构设计和运行维护还有待进一步研究和优化。Bioretention is one of the effective measures to control urban non-point source pollutions.A synthetic analysis of its structure,hydrologic effects,purification mechanisms and influence factors was presented.Bioretention can mitigate the stormwater and peak flow volume.It can effectively reduce the concentration of total suspended solids,particulate matter,heavy metals,organic pollutants and pathogens in stormwater runoff,but the removal of nitrate nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus is not stable.Bioretention facilities remove pollutants mainly through precipitation,filtration,adsorption,ion exchange,plant absorption and biodegradation.The removal of pollutants and reduction of stormwater volume are influenced by plant species,filler composition,depth,hydraulic conductivity and carbon addition.A long drying period will increase the nitrate concentration and setting internal water storage can reduce nitrate concentration.The structural design,operation and maintenance need to be further studied and optimized.

关 键 词：城市面源 生物滞留设施 水文效应 影响因素 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]