樟树的开花特性及传粉生物学研究  

Floral Traits and Pollination Biology of Cinnamomum camphora( Lauraceae)

作　　者：刘淑娟[1] 杨爱红[1] 周华[1] 刘腾云[1] 李彦强[1] 钟永达[1] 余发新[1] LIU Shu-juan;YANG Ai-hong;ZHOU Hua(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi/Institute of Biology and Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096)

机构地区：[1]江西省科学院生物资源研究所/江西省观赏植物遗传改良重点实验室,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2019年第1期111-114,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500460);江西省科学院重点科研项目(2018-YZD2-05)

摘　　要：[目的]研究樟树的开花及传粉生物学特性。[方法]测量花部综合特征,MTT法测花粉活性,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测柱头的可授性,通过异交指数、花粉胚珠比和人工授粉试验测定樟树的繁育系统类型,通过访花观察确定樟树的主要传粉者类型。[结果]樟树的花较小,柱头-花药间存在一定的空间分离;樟树的单花期3～4 d,花粉的高活性可以持续到花开后的第3天,而柱头具有较高的可授性是在花开的前2 d;樟树的繁育系统为兼性异交,自交亲和,需要传粉者,且樟树的结实率受到传粉者不足的限制,导致其自然结实率偏低,只有36.7%。[结论]该研究可为深入开展樟树的种质资源保存、杂交育种以及良种选育等工作奠定基础。[Objective]To study the floral traits and pollination biology of Cinnamomum camphora.[Method]To measure the floral traits,detect the pollen viability by MTT solution and stigma receptivity by benzidine-H2O2 solution.The breeding system was tested through outcross index(OCI),pollen ovule ratio index(P/O)and artificial pollination experiment.Through the pollination observation,we determined the main pollinators of C.camphora.[Result]The flowers of C.camphora were very small,there was some space separation between the stigma and anthers.The single flowering period of camphor tree was 3 to 4 days,the high activity of pollen can persist into the third day after flowering,the stigma had a high ability to be maintained in the first two days after flowering.The breeding system of C.camphora was facultative outcross and selfing affinity,it needed pollinators for successful pollination,the seed setting rate of C.camphora was limited by the deficiency of pollinators,resulting in a low natural seed setting rate as only 36.7%.[Conclusion]This study can lay a foundation for further research on the conservation of C.camphora germplasm resources,hybridization and breeding.

关 键 词：樟树 传粉生物学 繁育系统 结实率 花粉活性 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学]