寄主与病原物互作中小RNA转运机制及应用  

Research and application of small RNA transport mechanism in the interaction between host and pathogen

作　　者：乔露露 赵弘巍[1] 牛冬冬[1] QIAO Lulu;ZHAO Hongwei;NIU Dongdong(College of Plant Protection,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2019年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200900);江苏省创新团队项目(2017)

摘　　要：灰霉病菌与拟南芥互作中会分泌小RNA进入植物细胞,通过与拟南芥Argonaute 1(AGO1)蛋白相结合,利用寄主的RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)机制沉默寄主的免疫相关基因,从而抑制拟南芥的免疫反应。相反,寄主也会将小RNA转移到病原菌中,从而抑制病原菌的致病力。最近研究发现拟南芥可以通过类似于外泌体的胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EV)将小RNA分泌到真菌细胞中。这些含有寄主小RNA的胞外囊泡在侵染部位积累并被真菌细胞吸收,并转运寄主小RNA诱导沉默真菌关键的致病因子,降低灰霉病菌的致病力。因此,在与病原菌的相互进化中,拟南芥通过外泌体介导的跨界RNA干扰抑制病原菌的侵染。本综述回顾了在多种植物-病原物互作体系中开展的小RNA穿梭转运研究,总结了可能的转运机制,讨论了以跨界RNA干扰技术为基础研发的新型环境友好型"RNA杀菌剂"的可靠性和局限性,对于读者了解新型作物病害防治技术具有重要意义。Previous studies have found that during the interaction between Botrytis cinerea (Bc)and Arabidopsis thaliana ,fungi can transfer small RNA(sRNA)into Arabidopsis plant cells,and these Bc-sRNA hijack the host RNA interference(RNAi)machinery by binding to Arabidopsis Argonaute 1(AGO1)and selectively silencing host immunity genes,affecting Arabidopsis immune response. Conversely,hosts also send sRNA into pathogens and pests to inhibit their virulence. Recent study showed that host Arabidopsis cells secrete exosome-like extracellular vesicles to deliver sRNA into fungal pathogen B.cinerea . These sRNA-containing vesicles accumulate at the infection sites and are taken up by the fungal cells. Transferred host sRNA induce silencing of fungal critical genes for pathogenicity,so that they reduce the virulence of Botrytis . Thus, Arabidopsis has adapted exosome-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference as part of its immune responses during the evolutionary arms race with the pathogen. This review summarized reports about cross-kingdom sRNA trafficking between multiple plant-pathogen systems,and discussed potential mechanism associated with sRNA movement. The reliability and limitation of this environment-friendly RNAi-based trans-membrane “RNA killer” is discussed,which would be of great significance for readers understanding the importance of novel biological control technology.

关 键 词：灰霉病菌 拟南芥 免疫反应 胞外囊泡 小RNA 寄主诱导基因沉默 

分 类 号：S432.2[农业科学—植物病理学]