“行动者导向”反贫困——基于生计实践过程的贫困问题治理  

Actor-oriented Anti-Poverty——A Collaborative Governing of Poverty Based on the Process of Livelihoods-Practice

作　　者：郝龙 Hao Long(Department of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学系,武汉430072

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2018年第6期71-80,128,共11页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"西部地区精准脱贫与乡村振兴融合的路径设计与政策协同研究"(18ASH006);国家社科基金重大项目"民族地区深度贫困大调查与贫困陷阱跨越策略研究"(18ZDA121)

摘　　要：面对贫穷区域收窄和贫困人口缩减的现实变化,中国贫困治理的重心开始向微观层次的精细治理倾斜,并由此推动着反贫困策略由"行政-区域导向"向"协同-行动者导向"转变。"行动者导向"强调将贫困者作为行动主体置于贫困治理的核心位置,其他治理主体围绕其生计实践匹配与对接各项具体反贫困机制。生计实践将"脱贫"理解为贫困者在生计要素、生计偏好和生计环境等条件下,通过生计策略的选择与实践来应对潜在风险和追求可持续生计层次的自主行动过程。基于生计实践过程分析框架,"行动者导向"的反贫困策略得以实现对"投入-决策-产出"过程中"可用性"议题和生计实践与外部生计环境互动关系中"可及性"议题的综合。With the narrowing of the poor areas and the reducing of the poor populations,the governing of poverty problems gradually focused on the micro-level. Accordingly,a new anti-poverty strategy based on actor-oriented approach began to be taken seriously. This strategy emphasizes that the poor should be placed in the core position as agent in the governing of poverty. The other governing subjects should make the micro-level anti-poverty mechanisms to match and embed the poor’s livelihoods practices. Livelihoods practice analysis regarded anti-poverty as the following process:based on their own livelihood elements,preferences,situations and circumstances,agents adopted and practiced feasible livelihood strategies,attempted to deal with the potential risks and reach a basic sustainable livelihood-level. With this analysis framework,actor-oriented anti-Poverty strategy integrated the issues of "availability" which throughout the process of practice,and "accessibility" which embedded in the interactive relationship between practice and environment.

关 键 词：贫困问题治理 反贫困策略 精准扶贫 可持续生计 生计实践 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]