基于穗重对长江中下游水稻穗型分类及其与产量和品质关系的研究  

Classification of Panicle Type and Its Relationship with Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Based on Panicle Weight in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

作　　者：房振兵[1] 潘高峰 汪本福[2] 陈波[1] 范兵[1] 赵沙沙[1] 田永宏[1] FANG Zhen-bing;PAN Gao-feng;WANG Ben-fu;CHEN Bo;FAN Bing;ZHAO Sha-sha;TIAN Yong-hong(Xiangyang Agricultural Science Academy of Hubei Province,Xiangyang 441057,Hubei,China;Food Crops Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science/Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441057 [2]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质资源创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2018年第24期74-78,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503;2017YFD0301402-02);湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目(2016-620-000-001-057)

摘　　要：采用2017年湖北省中稻区试汇总报告中74个品种的产量构成因素、产量、稻米品质等数据。首先以穗重进行聚类分析,并参考前人的分类标准,确定出穗重的穗型划分标准。进一步通过回归分析和方差分析探究穗重与产量的关系,最后进行穗型与稻米品质的相关性分析。结果表明,74个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种的穗部性状存在差异,变异系数从大到小依次为千粒重、穗粒数、穗重、有效穗、结实率、穗长;根据聚类分析结果以及参考前人的划分标准,74个品种按照穗重分为3类,穗重大于4.25 g的为重穗型,穗重小于3.60 g的为轻穗型,介于两者之间的为中穗型;重穗型的穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、穗重与轻穗型和中穗型差异显著;产量随着穗重的增大而增大,呈极显著线性相关(F=11.28);重穗型的外观品质(垩白粒率、垩白度)、蒸煮品质(胶稠度、碱消值)优于轻穗型和中穗型。因此,为了保证选育的新品种高产且优质,需尽可能的提高穗重。The yield components,yield and rice quality of 74 varieties in the 2017 Hubei mid-season regional trial summary report were selected.Firstly,cluster analysis was carried out by panical weight,and the classification standard of panicle weigh were determined by reference to the classification of predecessors.The relationship among panicle weight,yield was analyzed by regression analysis.Finally,the correlation between panicle type and rice quality was analyzed.The results showed that there were differences in panicle traits among 74 rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars.The coefficients of variation according to the order from big to small was 1 000-grain weight,grain number,panicle weight,panicle number,seed setting rate,panicle length.According to the results of cluster analysis and reference to the classification standard of predecessors,74 varieties were divided into three categories according to panicle weights,the panicle weight was larger than 4.25 g for heavy panicle type,and the panicle weight was less than 3.60 g for thin panicle type.The middle panicle type was between the two;The panicle length,the number of grains,the seed setting rate,the 1 000-grain weight,the panicle weight,of heavy panicle type were significantly different with the thin panicle type and the middle panicle type;Yield increased with panicle weight,yield was significantly positively correlated with panicle weight(F=11.28);The appearance quality(chalky grain rate,chalkiness),cooking quality(gel consistency,alkali elimination)was better than thin panicle type or the middle panicle type.Therefore,in order to ensure the high yield and high quality of the new varieties to be selected,it was necessary to increase the panicle weight as much as possible.

关 键 词：水稻(Oryza SATIVA L.) 穗重 穗型 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]