5种磺酰脲类除草剂对甘蓝型油菜雄性不育的诱导效果  

Male Sterilization of Brassica napus Induced by Sulfonylurea Herbicides

作　　者：李建厂[1] 李永红[1] 张振兰[1] 郭徐鹏[1] 张耀文[1] 赵鹏涛[1] 赵小光[1] LI Jian-chang;LI Yong-hong;ZHANG Zhen-lan;GUO Xu-peng;ZHANG Yao-wen;ZHAO Peng-tao;ZHAO Xiao-guang(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Oil Crops Improvement Center,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心/国家油料作物改良中心陕西油菜分中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2018年第11期1130-1135,共6页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018ZDXM-NY-001);陕西省科技计划项目(2017NY-025)

摘　　要：为筛选新型高效化学杂交剂,更好地利用油菜化学杀雄杂种优势,利用5种磺酰脲类除草剂(烟嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆、苯磺隆和胺苯磺隆)对甘蓝型油菜雄性不育诱导效果及农艺和产量性状的影响进行探讨;结果表明:胺苯磺隆对甘蓝型油菜没有杀雄效果,烟嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆和苯磺隆均可诱导甘蓝型油菜雄性不育;其中烟嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对油菜雄性不育诱导效果较差,平均全不育株率仅为30.8%、21.0%,而平均半不育株率和药害株率却高达56.4%、63.4%和18.4%、20.0%,对农艺和产量性状负面影响较大;酰嘧磺隆、苯磺隆对甘蓝型油菜雄性不育诱导效果较好,在涂茎和喷雾处理下,平均不育株率分别达到96.55%、97.90%,平均全不育株率分别高达88.55%、92.51%,与目前在油茶上应用最广泛的化学杀雄剂SX-1 (对照)比较,农艺和产量性状差异不显著,通过对这2种药剂的制剂类型、助剂及喷施技术进一步优化,可望广泛应用于油菜化学杀雄杂种优势利用。To search for a new,efficient chemical hybridizing agent(CHA),5sulfonylurea herbicides(i.e.,nicosulfuron,bensulfuron,amidosulfuron,tribenuron and ethametsulfuron)were evaluated.The effects of the agents on inducing male sterility as well as agronomic properties and yield traits of Brassica napus were determined for the analysis.The results showed that,aside from ethametsulfuron,these agents indeed turned the fertile rapeseeds sterile.The induction by nicosulfuron or bensulfuron was less effective,with an average complete male sterility rate merely 30.8%for nicosulfuron and 21.0%for bensulfuron.But their incomplete male sterility and the phytotoxicity rates reached 56.4% and 63.4%,respectively,for nicosulfuron,and 18.4% and 20.0%,respectively,for bensulfuron,which exerted a significant negative effect on agronomic traits and seed yield on B.napus.On the other hand,amidosulfuron and tribenuron were most effective with their average male sterility rates that reached 96.55% and 97.9%,respectively,and the average complete male sterility rate 88.55% and 92.51%,respectively,according to the results obtained by the stem-smearing and spraying methods.In addition,the latter two agents did not carry any significant differences from CK1 on the agronomic traits or seed yield.Therefore,amidosulfuron and tribenuron were expected to be applied in the heterosis utilization of chemical hybridizing of B.napus after further optimization on the preparation,additives and application of the agents.

关 键 词：磺酰脲类 除草剂 甘蓝型油菜 雄性不育 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]