“到农村去”:金融进村与农村经济变化研究——以1933-1945年陕西关中农村为中心  

A Study of Finance Entering into Villages and the Changes in Rural Economy:Focusing on Guanzhong area in Shannxi from 1933 to 1945

作　　者：黄正林[1] HUANG Zheng-lin(School of History and Culture,Shannxi Normal University,Xian,Shannxi,710062,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《史学集刊》2019年第1期16-36,共21页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"近代西北灾荒中国文献整理与研究"(16ZDA134)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,伴随着农村经济凋敝和农民日益贫困化,从政府到民间,从学界到政界、金融界都提出了"到农村去"的口号,主张通过金融进村来解决农村问题。因此,从1933年起直到全面抗战时期,有大量的资金进入关中农村,部分解决了关中农村金融枯竭的问题;各种农贷和专项贷款的发放,使关中的农田水利、农业生产和农产品运销都发生了变化,特别是在全面抗战时期,现代农业知识和农业技术在关中传播,如现代农田水利工程的兴建、用科学方法进行农业优良品种的实验与推广等,取得了一定的绩效,使关中农村有了现代农业的气息。关中农村的变化说明,在现代金融进入关中农村社会时,国家与民间社会形成了良好的互动。但在讨论民国时期农贷、农村现代化等问题时应当持谨慎的态度,既要全面评估其在社会经济发展中应有的作用,也要看到其中的不足。During the 1920 s and 1930 s,with the withering of rural economy and the increasing poverty of the peasantry,the slogan of"going to the contryside"was put forward by both government and civilians,and by the academia,as well as the political and financial circles so as to solve the rural problems by means of letting finance enter into villages. Therefore,the rural areas of Guanzhong( 关中) got a large amount of funds from 1933 to the period of Anti-Japanese War,which solved the financial exhaustion of this area to some extent. The issuing of various agriculture loans and special-purpose loans made Guanzhong’s farm irrigation and water conservancy,agricultural production and the transportation and sale of agricultural products change. Especially during the Anti-Japanese War,modern agricultural knowledge and technology spread in Guanzhong,such as the construction of modern irrigation and water conservancy engineering,the experiment and promotion of fine varieties,etc. The changes of rural area of Guanzhong showed that there had been good interaction between the state and the folk society when modern finance entered into Guanzhong rural society. However,when discussing the problems of agriculture loan and rural modernization during the period of Republic of China,we should not only evaluate their active role in social and economic development,but also realize their deficiencies.

关 键 词：上海银行团 国家行局 金融进村 关中农村 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] F832.35[历史地理—中国史] F327[经济管理—金融学]