亚当·斯密的“同情”理论及其与人民的对立  

Adam Smith's Theory of Sympathy as an Opposition to the People

作　　者：姜南[1] Jiang Nan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2018年第11期53-61,95,共10页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：亚当·斯密系统地提出了以同情为核心的社会道德理论,高度评价同情心对于人类伦理的巨大意义。但是,在他生活的18世纪,至少有1/3的英国劳动者生活十分贫困、痛苦和绝望,而他对此却十分冷漠,不但没有丝毫同情,甚至反而认为富人没有救济贫困者的义务,主张用市场取代政府对贫民的救助。亚当·斯密一面大讲同情,另一面却对劳动者的苦难毫无同情,其根本原因是作为生活在资本主义上升时期的思想家,他对不是以人民为中心的资本主义市场经济、对资本主义具有强烈的信心和信仰,因而他是站在统治者阶级的立场上谈同情理论的,是与人民对立的,这样一种脱离人民的理论不能成为以人民为中心的社会主义国家的经济指导理论。Adam Smith systematically put forward a social moral theory with sympathy at the core, in which he highly appraised the great significance of sympathy to human ethics. However, although in the 18th century in which he lived, at least one-third of the British working people lived in poverty, suffering and despair, Adam Smith was so indifferent that he not only had no sympathy for them at all but also thought that the rich had no obligation to help the poor.He even advocated that the market should replace the government to provide aids to the poor. On the one hand, Adam Smith spoke loudly of sympathy; while on the other hand, he did not have any sympathy for the working people in suffering. The fundamental reason is that as a thinker living in the rising period of capitalism, Adam Smith had strong confidence and belief in capitalist market economy and capitalism which are not centered on the people. Therefore, Adam Smith talked about his theory of sympathy from the standpoint of the ruling class, and he was on the opposite side to the people. Such a theory staying away from the people cannot be a guiding economic theory in a socialist country centered on the people.

关 键 词：亚当·斯密 同情理论 资本主义 

分 类 号：F091.3[经济管理—政治经济学]