基于最优脉冲的面内机动规避策略  

In-plane Collision Avoidance Maneuver Strategies Based on Optimal Pulse

作　　者：苏飞 刘静[1] 张耀[1] 杨旭[1] SU Fei;LIU Jing;ZHANG Yao;YANG Xu(National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2018年第3期34-41,共8页Space Debris Research

摘　　要：提出了航天器面内机动最优规避分析方法,基于面内机动约束,在保证碰撞概率降低到最小值或交会距离提高到最大值的前提下得到最优的机动脉冲。首先结合轨道高斯摄动方程及泰勒展开得到解析的轨道规避机动动力学模型,分析了机动脉冲与航天器相对运动的线性关系;然后通过航天器位置协方差信息及交会平面的相对位置信息得到航天器危险交会的碰撞概率和交会距离,并采用机动方向和机动大小分步求解的策略计算机动冲量;最后通过数值仿真对面内脉冲机动规避策略进行验证,仿真结果表明所设计的面内脉冲规避策略能够得到不同时机下的最优脉冲。The problem of the in-plane impulsive collision avoidance maneuver strategies based on optimal pulse between two colliding objects is developed, the strategies can reduce the collision probability and increase the miss distance of two spacecraft by the constraint in-plane pulse. Firstly, the closed-form analytical expressions are provided to accurately predict the relative dynamics of the two objects in the encountering b-plane. Then, the collision probability and the miss distance of the spacecraft dangerous rendezvous are obtained by the relative position covariance information of the encountering b-plane. With the analytical model, the linear relationship between the maneuver impulsive and the relative motion of the spacecraft is analyzed, and the maneuver optimization problem formulates as a function gradient problem coupled to a simple nonlinear equation. The collision avoidance maneuver is calculated by a two-step strategy. Firstly, a gradient technique is used to find the maneuver direction. Secondly, the maneuver magnitude is found using a one-dimensional root finding scheme that takes advantage of the linear relationship between the maneuver velocity and resulting displacement. Finally, some mathematical simulations for the proposed strategies are implemented. The simulation results indicate that using the proposed maneuver strategies, we can get the optimal pulse.

关 键 词：规避 面内机动 碰撞概率 交会距离 解析模型 最优脉冲 

分 类 号：V445.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]