DNA条形码技术在野生哺乳动物物种鉴定中的可行性  

Feasibility of Using DNA Barcode Technology in Wild Mammal Species Identification

作　　者：阿迪力.艾合麦提 阿依努尔.阿卜杜艾尼 布威海丽且姆.阿巴拜科日 伊拉木江.托合塔洪 塔依尔江.买买提 马合木提.哈力克 Adil AHMAT;Aynur ABDIGINI;Buweihailiqiemu ABABAIKERI;Yilamujiang TUOHETAHONG;Tayerjan MAMAT;Mahmut HALIK(College of Life Science and Technology of Xinjiang University,Urumqi,830046,China;College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine,Hotan,848000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆维吾尔医学专科学校,和田848000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2019年第1期5-10,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560600)

摘　　要：为新疆野生哺乳动物物种鉴定找出最好的方法并建立新疆哺乳动物DNA条形码数据库提供资料,本研究选取新疆野生哺乳动物的肌肉、血液、粪便作为研究材料,运用DNA条形码技术检测野生哺乳动物线粒体DNA COI基因序列。共检测片段长度为642～729 bp的52条COI基因序列,52条COI基因序列通过BLAST网站同源性比较,序列同源性达到98%～100%,相似度达到90%～99%。全部COI基因序列中A、T、C和G的平均含量为26. 3%、30. 3%、26. 0%和17. 4%,A+T的含量(56. 6%)高于C+G含量(43. 4%),有明显的碱基偏倚性。种内遗传距离为0%～2%,种间遗传距离为15%～42%,二者分离度高。邻接法和最小进化法构建的系统发育树,两种方法所得的系统进化树拓扑结构高度一致,分支明显,都分配在单个支上。说明DNA条形码技术可用于新疆野生哺乳动物物种鉴定并弥补其他物种鉴定方法的不足和缺点,在新疆濒危野生动物的管理与保护中有重要意义。The objective of this study was to determine the best method for species identification of wild mammals in Xinjiang and to provide data for input to the Xinjiang mammalian DNA barcode database.We selected the muscle,blood and feces of Xinjiang wild mammals,and used DNA barcode technology to detect their mtDNA COI gene sequence.We obtained a total of 52 COI gene sequences with length of 642-729 bp,and subjected the sequences to homology testing using the basic local alignment search tool(BLAST).The identification results were completely consistent with known species,and the sequence homology reached 98%-100%,and similarity reached 90%-99%.The average contents of A,T,C and G in the total COI gene sequence were 26.3%,30.3%,26.0%and 17.4%,and the A+T content(56.6%)was higher than the C+G content(43.4%).The intraspecific genetic distance was 0%-2%,and the interspecific genetic distance was 15%-42%,the separation between the two was high.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method and the minimum-evolution method showed highly uniform topological structure,all of which were allocated on a single branch.This indicated that DNA barcode technology can be used to identify wild mammal species in Xinjiang and it was not subject to the shortcomings of other species identification methods.Application of this method could enhance management and protection of endangered wild mammals in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：DNA条形码 MTDNA COI 野生动物 物种鉴定 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]