中国三次产业劳动生产率与单位劳动成本的国际比较研究  

An International Comparative Study of Labor Productivity and Unit Labor Cost in China's Three Industries

作　　者：巴曙松[1,2,3,4] 何师元 朱伟豪 Ba Shusong;He Shiyuan;Zhu Weihao(HSBC Business School,Peking University,Shenzhen 518055,China;HSBC Financial Research Institute,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;China Banking Association,Beijing 100033,China;Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学汇丰商学院,广东深圳518055 [2]北京大学汇丰金融研究院,北京100871 [3]中国银行业协会,北京100033 [4]香港交易所,香港999077

出　　处：《当代经济管理》2019年第2期1-8,共8页Contemporary Economic Management

摘　　要：为了研究在逐渐适应经济"新常态"下,中国在国际竞争中存在的传统优势——劳动力比较优势是否依然存在,文章比较了中国以及部分发达国家、"金砖国家"和新兴发展中国家中8个国家的农业、工业和服务业的劳动生产率以及单位劳动成本,得到以下结论:其一, 2005年各国的劳动生产率基数均较低,虽然中国在十年中进步较大,但其三次产业的劳动生产率与所选取的发达国家以及发展中国家相比都有一定差距,有进一步提高的潜力;其二,中国各产业单位劳动成本虽然在近十年来有所增加,但是与大多数发达国家以及发展中国家相比仍然较低,中国传统的较为低廉的劳动力比较优势短时间内仍然存在,如果想继续保持,必须着力提升劳动生产率,降低单位劳动成本;其三,根据结构后发优势理论,通过产业结构调整和升级,中国将更易实现长期的经济增长;其四,与发达国家相比,中国三次产业之间的单位劳动成本有更大的差距,故中国进行产业结构升级有较大的动力。Under the"new normal"economy,to study if China's traditional advantage in international competition,the labor comparative advantage,is still exists,this article compares the labor productivity and unit labor costs of agriculture,industry and service industry in China,some developed countries,"the BRICS"countries and 8 emerging developing countries.The research shows the following results:First,the labor productivity base of all countries was relatively low in 2005.Although China has made great progress in the past decade,there is still a gap between the labor productivity of China's three industries and the selected developed and developing countries.This also means that China has the potential for further improvement.Second,although the unit labor cost of various industries in China has increased in the past decade,it is still lower than that of most developed countries and developing countries.China's traditional comparative advantage of cheap labor force still exists in a short time.However,if China wants to continue to maintain it,China must focus on improving labor productivity and reducing unit labor costs.Third,according to the theory of structural late-development advantage,China will achieve long-term economic growth through industrial restructuring and upgrading more easily.Fourth,compared with developed countries,there is a larger gap in unit labor costs between China's three industries.So China has a greater impetus to upgrade its industrial structure.

关 键 词：劳动力比较优势 三次产业 劳动生产率 单位劳动成本 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]