局部涂抹纳米碳与尿素溶液对桃树梢叶生长及氮素吸收、分配的影响  

Effects of Topical Application of Nano-carbon and Urea Solution on Growth,Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution in Peach Shoots and Leaves

作　　者：王国栋[1] 肖元松[1] 彭福田[1] 张亚飞[1] 郜怀峰 孙希武 贺月 WANG Guodong;XIAO Yuansong;PENG Futian;ZHANG Yafei;GAO Huaifeng;SUN Xiwu;HE Yue(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第1期294-300,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30-2-02);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017BC017);山东省"双一流"建设奖补资金项目(SYL2017YSTD10)

摘　　要：以7年生的鲁星油桃为试材,采用15 N同位素示踪技术进行田间涂抹试验,研究不同浓度纳米碳与相同浓度尿素溶液(0μg/mL+0.2%,50μg/mL+0.2%,100μg/mL+0.2%,200μg/mL+0.2%,分别以CK、NC50、NC100、NC200表示)涂抹部分叶片对桃树局部梢叶生长、氮素吸收及分配的影响,以期为桃树栽培过程中施用碳纳米提供新的思路和有益的参考。结果表明:与对照相比,施用纳米碳后桃树涂抹叶片单叶面积明显增加,叶绿素含量显著提高,NC200处理下叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度比对照提高了15.8%,30.0%,12.4%;纳米碳的施用提高了桃树新梢的干物质积累量,NC100、NC200处理比对照增加了10.5%和12.9%,提高了新梢各部位的全氮含量;高浓度的纳米碳(NC200处理)提高了新生器官对氮素的吸收征调能力(Ndff值);随纳米碳浓度的增大氮素的利用效率显著提高,NC50、NC100、NC200处理的氮素利用率比对照提高了13.6%,29.5%,40.0%;此外,新生嫩叶部分以NC200处理的氮素分配率最高,达19.55%,NC50、NC100、NC200处理氮素分配率比对照提高了4.5%,16.2%,17.1%,差异显著。以上结果表明,纳米碳能够促进新梢叶片对氮素的吸收利用,有效提高叶绿素含量、光合作用效率及新梢局部氮素利用率,影响氮素在梢叶各部位间的分配,促进氮素向生长中心(新生嫩叶)的转移。Taking seven-year-old Luxing nectarine as test material,and the field smearing test was carried out and the 15N isotope tracing technique was applied to explore the effects of different concentrations of nano-carbon and the same concentration of urea solution (0 μg/mL+0.2%,50 μg/mL+0.2%,100 μg/mL+ 0.2%,200 μg/mL+0.2%,expressed as CK,NC50,NC100 and NC200,respectively) on the growth,nitrogen absorption and distribution in the spring main shoots and leaves of peach,in order to provide new ideas and useful references for the application of carbon nanometers in the cultivation of peach trees.The solution was coated with some leaves.The results showed that compared with the control,the leaf area and the chlorophyll content were significantly increased after application of nano-carbon.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves in NC200 treatment increased by 15.8%,30.0% and 12.4% compared with the control,respectively.The application of nano-carbon promoted the dry matter accumulation of the new peach shoots.The treatments of NC100 and NC200 increased the dry matter accumulation by 10.5% and 12.9%,respectively,compared with the control,and increased the total nitrogen content of the new shoots.High concentration of nano-carbon (NC200 treatment) increased the nitrogen uptake ability of new organs (Ndff value).With the increasing of nano-carbon concentration,the nitrogen utilization efficiency increased significantly.The nitrogen utilization rate of NC50,NC100,NC200 treatments increased by 13.6%,29.5% and 40.0%,respectively,compared with the control.In addition,the nitrogen distribution rate in new leaves of NC200 treatment was the highest,reaching 19.55%,and the nitrogen distribution rate of NC50,NC100 and NC200 treatments were 4.5%,16.2% and 17.1% higher than that of the control,respectively,and the differences were significantly.The above results indicated that nano-carbon could promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in new shoot leaves,effectively improve chlo

关 键 词：桃 纳米碳 涂抹 15N 氮素利用率 氮素分配率 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]