从文化好奇到文化自觉:近代中国自行车运动的传播轨迹——以《申报》为考察中心  

From Cultural Curiousness to Cultural Self-awareness:Research on Course of Communication About Bicycle Sport in Modern China:A Study Focus of Shun Pao

作　　者：吕旭涛[1] LYU Xutao(School of Physical Education,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学体育学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2019年第1期81-87,共7页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目:基于服务外包理论下我国体育公共产品供给模式研究(12BTY027)

摘　　要：以《申报》所载的近代自行车骑乘内容为素材,在中西文化融合的背景下探寻近代中国自行车运动的传播轨迹。晚清时期,"洋车入华",骑乘者多为西人,能御之华人者亦日多但被嘻之,自行车被投入军务和公用,新式学堂学生开始接触自行车;北洋政府时期,华人能仿而制之,自行车运动竞赛层出不穷,女性敢于在公开场合骑乘游玩斗技,并出现了自行车俱乐部;国民政府时期,职业性和业余性兼具的自行车商娱场所出现,国人在现代奥运会舞台上参与自行车竞技,骑乘自行车周游世界。研究认为,自行车运动在近代中国的传播经历了一个从文化好奇到文化自觉的过程:在物质层面,从"洋车入华"到本土制造,自行车的骑乘对象由封建帝王、西式知识分子到富商子弟、学生、良家子女、一般民众;在制度层面,社会各界举办各类运动会和自行车赛,自行车会、自行车俱乐部等社会组织以及娱乐性自行车商业场所出现;在精神层面,平等、竞争、民主、开放等现代观念逐渐深入人心,民族主义和爱国主义得到弘扬。Based on the contents of bicycle riding recorded during the modern China period in Shun Pao ,this paper explores the course of communication about bicycle sport in the background of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures. In the period of late Qing Dynasty,European bicycle entered China,and the riders were mostly Westerners,while Chinese riders were increasing as well,but they were often made fun of. Bicycles were put into military and public services. Students of the new-type schools began to access to bicycles. During the Beiyang Government period,the Chinese were able to imitate and produce bicycles,and the cycling competitions emerged continuously. Women dared to ride and perform their skills in public and bicycle clubs were founded. During the period of the Republic of China,there were commercial entertainments of both professional and amateur nature. The Chinese competed on the modern Olympic Games stage and traveled around the world by bicycles. It argues that the course of communication about bicycle sport in the modern China is a process from cultural curiousness to cultural self-awareness,i.e.,from the material perspective,this course went through a process from the entrance of the foreign bicycle to the native manufacturing and bicycle riders ranged from the upper class to the general public. From the institutional perspective,all walks of life held various sports meets and bicycle races,and bicycle clubs and other social organizations as well as recreational and commercial places appeared. From the spiritual perspective,modern concepts such as equality,competition,democracy,and openness were gradually internalized,and nationalism and patriotism were promoted.

关 键 词：自行车 近代中国 文化 传播轨迹 《申报》 

分 类 号：G80-054[文化科学—运动人体科学]