试论量子通信的物理基础  

Discussions on the Physical Basis of Quantum Communication

作　　者：黄志洵[1] HUANG Zhi-xun(Communication University of China,Beijing 100024)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学信息工程学院,北京100024

出　　处：《中国传媒大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期1-16,共16页Journal of Communication University of China：Science and Technology

摘　　要：众所周知,W. Heisenberg荣获1932年Nobel物理学奖是由于他提出了矩阵力学和不确定性原理,这对量子力学(QM)的建立非常重要。但是,A. Einstein对QM持反对态度;这在1926年开始显露,而在1935年达到顶点,其时他与B. Podolsky,N. Rosen发表了EPR论文。此文中的局域性原则与他的狭义相对论(SR)对应;对于一个分离系统(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)而言,二者之间不可能存在超距效应。N. Bohr对EPR论文作了反驳,指出不确定性原理对Ⅰ和Ⅱ的影响——当测量Ⅰ时Ⅱ会有反应,这与它们之间的距离无关。当然,上述讨论均是针对微观粒子的。1951年D. Bohm把EPR思维实验作现代意义的陈述,称为Bohm自旋相关方案或自旋双值粒子系统。实际上Bohm启动了量子纠缠态研究。在此基础上,1965年J. Bell提出考虑了隐变量问题的不等式;而在1982年,A. Aspect用高精度实验证明,结果与Bell不等式不符却与QM一致;这引起了科学界的震动。1985年,物理学家J.Brown和P. Davies在英国广播公司(BBC)组织了一次对著名科学家的访谈。在采访J. Bell时他说,该不等式是分析EPR思维所产生的,这个思维说在EPR论文条件下不应存在超距作用,但那些条件却导致了QM所预期的奇特的相关性。Aspect实验结果是在预料之中的——QM从未错过,即使条件苛刻也不会错。这些实验无疑证明了Einstein的观念站不住脚。……特别是在2008年,D. Salart等用处于纠缠态的相距18km的2个光子完成的实验证明其相互作用的速度比光速大一万倍以上,为104c—107c;可以说此实验对有关EPR的长期争论作了结论。在后来数十年中,Bell型实验常盛不衰,互相纠缠的光子间隔由Aspect时的15m逐步加大到2007年时的144km,而在2017年由中国量子卫星扩展到1200km,十分惊人。作为QM的一种应用,量子通信(QC)是量子信息学(QIT)的一个重要分支。以光纤为基础提出了若干QC实施方案,例如量子密钥分配(QKD),诱It's well known that W.Heisenberg won the Nobel Prize of physics in 1932 because he proposed the principle of matrix mechanics and uncertainty principle,which is very importance to the estab lishment of Quantum Mechanics(QM).But A.Einstein held an opposite attitude towards QM,which first appeared in 1926 and reached the top in 1935 when he,together with B.Podolsky and N.Rosen published the EPR paper.The locality principle in this paper corresponds to his special relativity(SR),there is impossibility of the existence of ultra-space effect between separate system Ⅰ and Ⅱ.N.Bohr refuted the EPR paper and pointed out the effect of the uncertainty principle on Ⅰ and Ⅱ,when measuring systemⅠ,Ⅱ will react,regardless of the distance between them.Of course,these discussions are limited to the field of microscopic particles. D.Bohm made statements upon the EPR idea experiment in modern way in 1951,which is named Bohm spin correlation scheme or spin two value particle system.As a matter of fact,Bohm made a groundbreaking start in quantum entangle state research.Based here,J.Bell proposed the inequality theory considered hidden variable principle in 1965.And in 1982,A.Aspect did high accurate experiment that the result is inconsistent with Bell inequality but consistent with QM,this experiment was a hit to scientific world.In 1985,physicists J.Brown and P.Davies organized interviews and records with many renowned scientists for BBC.In the interview John Bell confided that his inequality was the outcome of EPR thinking,which denied ultra-space effect under EPR thesis conditions resulted in quite peculiar correlations that QM predicted.The results of Aspect's experiments are expected that QM has never been wrong now and will not in the future despite of strict requirements.Undoubtedly,the experiments proved that Einstein's ideas are untenable.Especially in 2008,D.Salart et.al.performed a experiment using entangle photons at 18km apart.In conclusion,the speed of the influence of quantum entanglement is 10,000 times

关 键 词：量子力学的Copenhagen诠释 量子非局域性 量子纠缠态 量子通信 

分 类 号：TP37[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]