覆膜对柠檬园杂草群落的影响  

Effect of plastic film mulching on weed community in lemon orchards

作　　者：杨建东[1] 郭莉娜 王自然[1] 郭俊[1] 高俊燕[1] 李进学[1] 杨帆[1] 杨恩聪[1] YANG Jiandong;GUO Li’na;WANG Ziran;GUO Jun;GAO Junyan;LI Jinxue;YANG Fan;YANG En’cong(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ruili,Yunnan 678600,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南瑞丽678600

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第1期55-59,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系柠檬综合试验站建设专项(CARS–27);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403036);云南省科学技术厅重点新产品计划项目(2015BB006);云南省柠檬产业化技术创新团队项目(2017HC023)

摘　　要：对云南瑞丽市柠檬园的杂草群落进行调查,比较覆膜和露地柠檬园杂草群落的差异。结果显示:柠檬园RG样地(覆膜种植,不使用除草剂)杂草有9目9科18种,柠檬园RH样地(露地种植,每年使用除草剂5次)杂草有8目8科23种,柠檬园RI样地(覆膜种植,每年使用除草剂3次)杂草有9目9科23种。3种类型柠檬园杂草的物种丰富度无显著差异;杂草密度有显著差异,RH样地的杂草密度显著高于RG和RI样地。覆膜柠檬园中的白茅草(Imperatacylindrica)、狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)、芨芨草(Achnatherumsplendens)及双穗雀稗(Paspalumdistichum)等在露地柠檬园中未发现,覆膜柠檬园的杂草总密度显著降低。RG样地的优势种为马唐(Digitariasanguinalis)、藿香蓟(Ageratumconyzoides)、鬼针草(Bidenspilosa)及阔叶丰花草(Borrerialatifolia);RH样地的优势种为铁线草(Cynodondactylon)及水蜈蚣(Kyllingabrevifolia);RI样地的优势种为马唐及藿香蓟。覆膜柠檬园水蜈蚣和铁线草的密度显著低于露地柠檬园。RG样地的指示物种为鬼针草和阔叶丰花草;RH样地的指示物种为铁线草和水蜈蚣;RI样地的指示物种为藿香蓟。覆膜种植对柠檬园杂草有较好的控制效果,可使园内杂草密度维持在较低水平。A survey of weed communities in the lemon orchard in Ruili city,Yunnan province,was conducted to compare the differences in weed communities between covered and open lemon gardens.The result showed that18 species of weeds belonging to 9 families and 9 orders were found in the lemon orchard RG(plastic film mulching,no herbicide),23 species of weeds belonging to8 families and 8 orders were found in lemon orchard RH(open field planting,using herbicides 5 times a year)and 23 species of weeds belonging to 9 families and 9 orders were found in lemon orchard RI(plastic film mulching,using herbicides 3 times a year).There was no significant difference in the species richness of weeds while there were significant differences in weed density in the 3 types of lemon orchards;and the weed density in the RH plots was significantly higher than that in the RG and RI plots.Imperata cylindrical,Cynodon dactylon,Achnatherum splendens and Paspalum distichum grew in the plastic film mulching lemon orchards,but didn't in the open lemon orchard.Total weed density was significantly decreased in the plastic film mulching lemon orchard compared to the open lemon orchard.Digitaria sanguinalis,Ageratum conyzoides,Bidens pilosa and Borreria latifolia were the dominant weed species in RG plot;Cynodon dactylon and Kyllinga brevifolia were the dominant weed species in RH plot;Digitaria sanguinalis and Ageratum conyzoides were the dominant weed species in RI plot.The densities of Kyllinga brevifolia and Cynodon dactylon in plastic film mulching RG and RI plots were significantly lower than those in the open lemon orchard.Bidens pilosa and Borreria latifolia were the indicator species of RG plot;Cynodon dactylon and Kyllinga brevifolia were the indicator species of RH plot;Ageratum conyzoides was the indicator species of RI plot.Thus,plastic film mulching in lemon orchards showed better results on weed control,and the weeds could be maintained at low levels.

关 键 词：柠檬园 覆膜 杂草群落 杂草密度 优势种 指示物种 云南瑞丽 

分 类 号：S666.504.7[农业科学—果树学]