林周河谷高寒草甸和灌丛草场可饲用天然牧草时空变化特征  

Spatial-Temporal Variations of Natural Forage in Alpine Meadow and Shrub Grassland in Linzhou River Valley

作　　者：田发益 金艳梅 张晓庆[3] 武俊喜[4] Tian Fayi;Jin Yanmei;Zhang Xiaoqing;Wu Junxi(The Biology and Technique Center of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China;Faculty of Marine Studies,Shandong University at Weihai,Weihai,Shandong 264209,China;Institute of Grassland Research,CAAS,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院生物技术中心,林芝860000 [2]山东大学(威海)海洋学院,威海264209 [3]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2019年第1期33-38,46,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：科技部科技支撑项目(2016YFC0502004)

摘　　要：为研究西藏"一江两河"流域高山草甸和灌丛草场的时空变化特征,在牧草发青季(2017年7月份)、丰草季(2017年9月份)和枯草季(2018年3月份),对不同海拔梯度林周河谷南山阴坡和北山阳坡草地进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)林周河谷南山阴坡低海拔处以白草为优势种,海拔升高100 m左右时出现灌丛植被类型;山坡中段为草甸草场,主要以高山嵩草和苔草为主。总盖度最高月份为7—9月,随海拔升高,盖度相应增加,不同季节同一海拔高度总盖度间均差异不显著(P>0.05),而不同海拔高度、同一季节中总盖度差异极显著(P<0.01)。(2)季节显著影响牧草含水率(P<0.01),可饲用牧草含水率7—9月份最高,10月份后随牧草枯萎而下降,进入冬季降至0%;同一季节不同海拔梯度中,低海拔和中段海拔可饲用牧草中含水率较高。(3)不同季节可饲用牧草的产草量间差异极显著(P<0.01),单位面积总可饲用牧草产草量10月末最高,夏秋季最低;随海拔高度升高,可饲用牧草的产草量显著增高(P<0.05)。(4)经三维响应曲线拟合,总盖度y、海拔梯度x_1、月份x_2之间的关系为:y=a_1+a_2×x_2~2+a_3×x_1+a_4×x_2(a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4分别为-657.137 4、-0.882 8、0.167 1、12.507 0);含水率y、海拔梯度x1、月份x2的关系为:y=a_1+a_2×x_2~2+a_3×x_1+a_4×x_2(a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4分别为-146.147 1、-3.883 9、-0.010 0、62.100 6);产草量y、海拔梯度x1、月份x2的关系为:y=a_1+a_2×x_2~2+a_3×x_1+a_4×x_2(a_1,a_2,a_3,a_4分别为-131.065 5、2.977 2、0.069 0、-36.511 1)。结论:通过研究,建立了林周河谷南山阴坡主要高山草甸放牧草场的总盖度、含水率与产草量的立体时空变化特征;北山阳坡主要为高山灌丛,非天然放牧场所,作为饲用牧场,研究意义不大。To study the spatial-temporal variations of alpine meadow and shrub grassland in“One River and Two Streams”in Tibet,forage and vegetation in July,September and March along different altitude of south-shade slope and north-sunny slope in Linzhou river valley were investigated in this article.The results showed as follows:①the grassland was dominated by Pennisetum centrasiaticum Tzvel in the low altitude south-shade slope,then there shrub appeared as the altitude elevation of 100 meter.The grassland in middle slope was meadow,mainly distributed Kobresia pygmaea and Carex spp.The highest vegetation coverage was found in July and September,and it increased as the altitude increased.There was no significant difference in coverage between different seasons at the same altitude(P>0.05),while the significant difference existed between different altitudes in the same season(P<0.01).②Forage water content was significantly affected by season(P<0.01);it was the highest one during July-September,decreased in October,and was 0%in winter.The water content in forage in the low and mid-altitude was higher than that in the high-altitude and shrub grassland.③There was significant difference in forage yield between different seasons(P<0.01).The highest forage yield per ha was at the end of October,the lowest one was in summer and autumn.Forage yield significantly increased as the altitude increased(P<0.05).④The response curve analysis indicated three equations that included y(coverage,water content,and forage yield),altitude x1,and month x2.They were:ycoverage=a1+a2×x2^2+a3×x1+a4×x2(a1,a2,a3,a4 was-657.137 4,-0.882 8,0.167 1 and 12.507 0,respectively);ywater content=a1+a2×x2^2+a3×x1+a4×x2(a1,a2,a3,a4 was-146.147 1,-3.883 9,-0.010 0 and 62.100 6,respectively);yforage yield=a1+a2×x2^2+a3×x1+a4×x2(a1,a2,a3,a4 was-131.065 5,2.977 2,0.069 0 and-36.511 1,respectively).The natural forage variations of total vegetation coverage,moisture content and forage yield were researched with spatial-temporal in north-shady slope

关 键 词：林周河谷 植被类型 季节 海拔梯度 可饲用牧草 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]