南海北部陆架水域多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻的年龄与生长  

Age and growth of Saurida tumbil and Saurida undosquamis in the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea

作　　者：江艳娥[1] 许友伟[1] 范江涛[1] 孙铭帅[1] 杨玉滔 张魁[1] 张俊[1] 黄梓荣[1] 林昭进[1] 陈作志[1] JIANG Yan’e;XU Youwei;FAN Jiangtao;SUN Mingshuai;YANG Yutao;ZHANG Kui;ZHANG Jun;HUANG Zirong;LIN Zhaojin;CHEN Zuozhi(Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院,南海水产研究所农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2019年第1期82-90,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403008);农业农村部财政项目-南海北部近海渔业资源调查(2014-2018);广东省促进经济发展专项资金(海洋经济发展用途)(GDME-2018E004);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2017YB21)

摘　　要：2014年7月至2015年5月采集南海北部陆架海域的多齿蛇鲻(Sauridatumbil)和花斑蛇鲻(Sauridaundosquamis)样本,测量其叉长、体重、性腺成熟度,并读取其耳石和日龄数据,对这2个种的生物学特征进行比较,发现多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻叉长、体重雌雄间差异显著(P<0.05)。多齿蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为109～310 mm、117～283 mm,体重范围分别为13～358 g、20～297 g,日龄范围分别为76～558 d、73～526 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=278 mm, L_(∞♂)=276 mm; K_♀=1.30, K_♂=1.30; t_(0♀)=-0.07 a, t_(0♂)=-0.08 a。雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从350～400 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在3月、7月、9—10月。花斑蛇鲻雌性与雄性样本,叉长范围分别为105～269 mm、95～264 mm,体重范围分别为11～220 g、8～228 g,日龄范围分别为79～486 d、84～488 d, von Bertalanffy生长方程的相关参数分别为:L_(∞♀)=269 mm, L_(∞♂)=265 mm, K_♀=1.29, K_♂=1.29, t_(0♀)=-0.06 a, t_(0♂)=-0.06 a,雌性性腺成熟度Ⅲ期样本从200～250 d日龄组开始出现,雌性与雄性样本孵化高峰期在6—11月。与历史资料进行对比,发现南海海域多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻出现个体大小逐渐减小、性成熟提前等适应性特征。结论认为,为了南海多齿蛇鲻与花斑蛇鲻渔业资源的可持续发展,需要降低南海近海的捕捞压力以促进南海渔业资源的发展。Samples of Saurida tumbil and Saurida undosquamis were collected from the northern South China Sea from July 2014 to May 2015.Biocharacters such as fork length (FL),body weight (BW),maturity stage,and otolith daily incrementation were measured and compared to understand the differences between the two species.Differences in the FL and BW of S.tumbil and S.undosquamis between females and males were significant (P<0.05).The FL range,BW range,otolith age,L∞,K,and t0 in females and males of S.tumbil were 109-310 mm and 117-283 mm,13-358 g and 20-297 g,76-558 d and 73-526 d,278 mm and 276 mm,1.30 and 1.30,-0.07 a and -0.08 a,respectively.The youngest age group of female S.tumbil at maturity stage Ⅲ was 350-400 d,and the hatching of female and male samples primarily occurred in March,July,and September to October.The FL range,BW range,otolith age,L∞,K,t0 in females and males of S.undosquamis were 105-269 mm and 95-264 mm,11-220 g and 8-228 g,79-486 d and 84-488 d,269 mm and 265 mm,1.29 and 1.29,-0.06 a and -0.06 a,respectively.The youngest age group of female S.undosquamis at maturity stage Ⅲ was 200-250 d,and the hatching of female and male samples primarily occurred from June to November.For decades,the size and age of maturity of S.tumbil and S.undosquamis have been decreasing.Taken together,a policy that decreases fishing pressure could help to achieve the sustained development of the fishery resources of S.tumbil and S.undosquamis in the South China Sea.

关 键 词：南海北部 多齿蛇鲻 花斑蛇鲻 日轮 生长 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]