草原生态载畜量测算核定方法研究  

The Study on Calculation and Verification of Grassland Ecological Carrying Capacity

作　　者：李洪泉[1] 刘岳华 刘刚[3] 程明军[1] 郑群英[3] 张绪校[1] 赵磊[1] 苏剑[4] 杨廷勇 谢红旗 廖晓蓉 蒲珉锴[3] 叶莉[3] 张劲[3] LI Hong-quan;LIU Yue-hua;LIU Gang;CHENG Ming-jun;ZHENG Ying-qun;ZHANG Xu-xiao;ZHAO Lei;SU Jian;YANG Ting-yong;XIE Hong-qi;LIAO Xiao-rong;PU Min-kai;YE Li;ZHANG Jin(General Grassland Station of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610041,China;Institute of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural Uniersity,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 611130,China;Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 611731,China;Grassland Station of Liangshan State,Xichang,Sichuan Province 615000,China;Grassland Station of Ganzi State,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原工作总站,四川成都610041 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川温江611130 [3]四川省草原科学研究院,四川成都611731 [4]四川省凉山州草原站,四川西昌615000 [5]四川省甘孜州草原站,四川康定626000

出　　处：《草地学报》2018年第6期1490-1496,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);青藏高原社区生态畜牧业技术研究与集成示范(SQ2018YFD050342)资助

摘　　要：合理确定草地载畜量对有效保护草地资源并高效利用有重要的指导意义,传统方法计算的载畜量只表明了核定时段内的平均载畜量,没有明确载畜量核定的具体时间,开展载畜量核定容易引起混淆和争执,核查工作量大,耗时长,实际操作难度大。为此,本文综合近年来草地载畜量的相关研究结果、结合草原生态气候变化和草牧业的发展趋势,提出了以秋末入冬为载畜量核定时间,以能繁母畜数量作为核定主要指标的新草地生态载畜量计算方法,并提出了加强畜牧业基础设施和人工草地建设,加大牲畜出栏,开展划区轮牧和春季草地禁牧试点示范,合理利用牲畜补偿代谢特点,利用牧草再生特点提高牧草产量和贮备等技术措施,以期为提高草地载畜能力,增加牧民经济收入,实现草原畜牧业的可持续发展提供参考。Determining the livestock carrying capacity reasonably is important for guiding the conservation and efficient utilization of grassland resources.The traditional calculation method of livestock carrying capacity only shows the average livestock carrying capacity in certain period,and has no specific time to define,resulting in confusion,disputes and heavy workload.The relevant research results about livestock carrying capacity,ecological climate change of grassland and development trend of pasture animal husbandry were analyzed together in this article.And the new livestock carrying capacity method with the end of autumn as the time for calculating the livestock carrying capacity and the number of breeding dam as the main parameter was proposed.In the meanwhile,the technical measures including strengthening the infrastructure of animal husbandry and the construction of artificial grassland,increasing livestock production,developing rotational grazing and demonstration of grazing prohibition in spring,rational utilizing the livestock compensation metabolism,improving forage yield and storage by its regenerative ability were also proposed,in order to provide reference for improving the carrying capacity of the grassland,increasing the economic income of herdsmen,and realizing the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry.

关 键 词：载畜量 测算 核定管理 对策 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]