基于GIS与肌理分析的天山北麓聚落类型分析  

Analysis of Settlement Types at the North Piedmont of Tianshan Mountains Based on GIS and Texture Analysis

作　　者：雷祖康[1] 张宝庆 LEI Zu-kang;ZHANG Bao-qing

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心 [2]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2019年第1期1-6,共6页South Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14CG126):城镇化进程中的新疆绿洲型历史文化村镇景观风貌保护与发展研究;新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2016AD031):新疆严酷环境区绿色住宅气候适应性和周边环境营建关键技术研究与示范

摘　　要：针对近年来因新疆天山北麓传统聚落开发与利用中存在的"重眼前轻长远"、"重微观轻宏观"、"重静态轻动态"等问题以及随之出现的历史聚落空间文化含义缺失的现象,引入GIS技术分析新疆天山北麓宏观分布与气候条件、地形特征的相关性,并利用图底分析等肌理分析方法,分析其中观和微观层面的建筑肌理、空间组合、装饰细部与民族构成、生产方式的耦合关系,研究表明:新疆天山北麓传统聚落在宏观层面呈现"逐水聚居"、"牧高农地"、"少高汉低"、"牧湿农干"等分布特点,而在中微观层面,可将天山北麓聚落分为两大类五小类聚落类型,五种类型聚落空间均与其民族构成、生产方式和政策导向存在着互动联系。In recent years, historical settlements in the northern foothills of Xinjiang's Tianshan Mountains have been developed and utilized. This research uses GIS technology to introduce the phenomena of "being shortsighted","unbalanced micro- and macro development","putting emphasis on static development while ignoring dynamic development," as well as the absence of cultural meaning in the historical settlement space, in order to analyze the macro distribution and climate strip in this area. On the basis of the correlation of the features of the parts and terrain and using texture analysis methods, such as bottom-up analysis etc., the coupling relationship between the architectural texture, the space combination, the decorative details, and the national composition and production mode are all analyzed. The study shows that the traditional settlement in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang displays distribution features such as "habitat on the riverside","more emphasis on animal husbandry than on agriculture","the population of minorities is greater than that of Han" and "wet land for animal husbandry while dry land for agriculture" at the macro level. In the middle and the micro level, the settlements can be divided into two major types and five specific types. These five types of settlement spaces are related to their ethnic composition, production mode, and policy orientation.

关 键 词：天山北麓 传统聚落 空间特征 耦合关系 图底关系 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]