西安冬季重污染过程PM_(2.5)理化特征及来源解析  

Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of fine particles during a heavy pollution in winter in Xi'an City

作　　者：曹宁 黄学敏[1] 祝颖[1] 刘焕武 CAONing;HUANG Xue-min;ZHU Ying;LIU Huan-wu(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University ofArchitecture and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Xi’an Environmental Monitoring Station, Xi’an 710119, China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安陕西710054 [2]西安市环境监测站,西安陕西710119

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2019年第1期32-39,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0207800);国家自然科学基金(51608422)

摘　　要：基于单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)观测数据、颗粒物质量浓度数据和气象要素数据,研究了2017年11月西安市一次重污染过程中细颗粒物的化学组分特征及其成因,并使用正矩阵因子分析法(PMF)对细颗粒进行了来源解析.结果表明,西安市冬季重污染过程中细颗粒物主要类型为有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)、混合碳(ECOC)、富钾(K)、钠-钾(Na-K)、有机胺(amine)、矿尘(dust)和重金属(HM),其主要来源为燃煤(24.9%),二次(29.3%),工业(19.3%),交通(13.3%),生物质燃烧(5.2%)和扬尘(1.9%).通过对比分析不同污染过程细颗粒物的理化特征,发现高湿度,低风速的不利气象条件和供暖及工业生产导致的燃煤污染、二次污染,是此次重污染过程的主因.Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry(SPAMS),combining with particulate matter mass concentration and meteorological conditions,was used to study the chemical composition characteristics and genesis of fine particles in a heavy pollution process in November 2017,Xi'an.In addition,the source apportionment of fine particulate matter was analyzed by positive matrix factor analysis(PMF).The results showed that atmospheric particulate matter was mainly divided into eight kinds of particles:organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),ECOC,K,Na-K,amine,mineral dust,and heavy metal(HM).Their possible sources include coal(24.9%),secondary(29.3%),industry(19.3%),traffic(13.3%),biomass combustion(5.2%),and dust(1.9%).By comparing and analyzing the pollution characteristics of fine particulate matter in different pollution processes,it was found that the main reasons of this heavy pollution process were unfavorable meteorological conditions of high humidity and low wind speed,coal-burning pollution and secondary pollution caused by heating and industrial production.

关 键 词：细颗粒物 重污染 化学组成 污染特征 来源解析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]