寒区局部冻伤流行病学研究  

Epidemiological study on local frostbite in cold region

作　　者：张永 刘宇 薛晓东 历志 孟浩 尹宗涛 王辉山 ZHANG Yong;LIU Yu;XUE Xiao-dong;LI Zhi;MENG Hao;YIN Zong-tao;WANG Hui-shan(Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]北部战区总医院心血管外科,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《临床军医杂志》2019年第1期50-52,共3页Clinical Journal of Medical Officers

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2016M592953);辽宁省自然科学基金(20170540971);辽宁省自然科学基金计划重点项目(20170540977)

摘　　要：目的调查寒区战士的局部冻伤情况,以有效预防战士冻伤的发生。方法以问卷方式调查自2015年11月至2016年2月某部298名战士的局部冻伤情况。根据战士是否发生冻伤分为冻伤组和未冻伤组,比较两组冻伤持续时间、既往有无冻伤病史、是否预防性使用防冻膏、是否有吸烟史以及外出时常规穿戴装备(手套、面罩、帽子、护目镜等)情况等。结果 298名战士中,106名(35. 6%)战士发生过不同程度、不同部位的局部冻伤。手部冻伤63例(21. 1%),耳部冻伤57例(19. 1%),脚部冻伤26例(8. 7%),面部冻伤5例(1. 7%),共计151人次,其中Ⅰ度冻伤伴红肿87例(57. 6%),Ⅱ度冻伤伴水泡共计31例(20. 5%),Ⅲ度冻伤伴出血33例(21. 9%)。冻伤组平均室外训练时间> 3 h人数所占比例明显高于无冻伤组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);冻伤组中,既往存在冻伤史的比例明显高于非冻伤组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论寒区冬季无法减少外出作业外露时间的情况下,应加强防寒训练,使用有效的防寒装备,早期诊断并积极治疗至关重要。Objective To investigate the incidence of local frostbite of soldiers in cold regions,and try to prevent the occurrence of frostbite.Methods A retrospective questionnaire was performed on 298 soldiers who were admitted November 2015 to February 2016.The soldiers were divided into two groups according to whether frostbite occurred:the frostbite group and the non-frostbite group.The duration of frostbite,previous history of frostbite,preventive use of antifreeze cream,smoking history and routine wear of equipment(gloves,masks,hats,goggles)were compared between the two groups.Results Among the 298 soldiers,106(35.6%)had local frostbite of different degrees and locations.Hand frostbite in 63 cases(21.1%),ear frostbite in 57 cases(19.1%),foot frostbite in 26 cases(8.7%),facial frostbite in 5 cases(1.7%),a total of 151 people,includingⅠdegree of frostbite with red 87 cases(57.6%),blistersⅡdegrees of frostbite with a total of 31 cases(20.5%),Ⅲdegrees of frostbite 33 cases(21.9%)with hemorrhage.The proportion of the average outdoor training time more than 3 hours in the frostbite group was significantly higher than that in the non-frostbite group(P<0.05).In the frostbite group,the proportion of previous frostbite history was significantly higher than that of the non-frostbite group(P<0.05).Conclusion In the case that the exposure time of outdoor work cannot be reduced in winter in cold areas,it is essential to strengthen anti-cold training,use effective anti-cold equipment,early diagnosis and active treatment.

关 键 词：冻伤 寒区 预防 流行病学 

分 类 号：R645[医药卫生—外科学]