不同覆盖措施对宁夏沙化地区枸杞地土壤水热条件及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Mulching Treatments on Soil Hydrothermal Conditions and Yields of Gouqiberry in Ningxia

作　　者：张哲 李志刚[1,2] 倪细炉 ZHANG Zhe;Li Zhigang;NI Xilu(Key Laboratory of the Seedling Bioengineering,Ningxia Forestry Institute,Yinchuan 750004,China;Yinchuan Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station,State Forestry Administration,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏林业研究院种苗生物工程国家重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [2]宁夏银川城市森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第1期257-262,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2015DFA90900;2011DFG32780)

摘　　要：以宁夏枸杞为研究材料,设覆膜(F)、覆盖林木粉碎枝条(B)、覆膜加覆盖林木粉碎枝条(FB)、以及对照(CK)四个处理,研究不同覆盖措施对土壤水分、温度、水分利用效率以及枸杞产量的影响。结果表明:在0—40cm土层,FB,B和F处理土壤含水量均呈现上升趋势。40—100cm土层,F处理土壤含水量呈现减小趋势,B,FB随土层深度增加无明显波动,但是FB土壤含水量要显著高于CK。0—100cm土层,总土壤储水量FB在不同生长周期均显著大于CK处理,F和B处理在生长初期与CK无显著差异,在夏果期和秋果期要明显大于CK处理,在休果期F要显著低于CK处理。土壤平均温度F比FB,CK和B分别高1.3℃,3.3℃和4.4℃。土壤温度变异系数F最大为0.22,CK次之为0.21,B和FB最小为0.18。FB,B和F的枸杞产量分别比CK提高了76.06%,45.78%,9.65%。水分利用效率FB和B分别比CK显著提高了77.14%和51.68%,而F仅比CK高出3.95%。FB处理不仅显著提高了土壤储水量并且改善了土壤表层的热量条件,为枸杞提供了良好稳定的生长环境,显著提高了枸杞的产量和水分利用效率。This study used Ningxia gouqiberry as the material,white film(F),branch chips(B),white film and branch chips(FB)as treatments and tillage as control(CK).The effects of different mulching treatments on soil moisture,soil temperature,water use efficiency and the yield of Gouqiberry have been studied.The results showed that soil moisture in FB,B and F treatments presented the upward trend in 0-40 cm soil layer;in 40-100 cm soil layer,soil water content of F treatment significantly reduced,soil water contents of B,FB presented no significant fluctuations with the increase of soil depth,but the soil water content of FB was significantly higher than CK;in 0-100 cm soil layer,the soil water storage of F was significantly higher than CK at different growth stages,and F and B treatments had no significant difference with CK at the beginning of growth,and were significantly higher than CK in summer fruit and autumn fruit;soil average temperature of F was higher than those of FB,CK and B,increased by 1.3℃,3.3℃ and 4.4℃,respectively;soil temperature coefficient of variation of F is 0.22,0.21 for CK,and 0.18 for B and FB;the yields of FB,B and F were 76.06%,45.78%and 9.65% higher than that of CK;the water use efficiency of FB and B significantly increased by 77.14% and 51.68%,respectively,while the water use efficiency of F was only 3.95%higher than CK.The FB treatment not only significantly improved the soil water storage capacity and improved the heat conditions of the soil surface,provided the stable growth environment for the gouqiberry,but also significantly improved the yield and water use efficiency of gouqiberry.

关 键 词：土壤水分 覆盖措施 土壤温度 水分利用效率 枸杞产量 

分 类 号：S156.99[农业科学—土壤学]