生物质炭和秸秆对土壤团聚体腐殖物质组成的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Straw on Composition of Humic Substances in Soil Aggregates

作　　者：纪磊 岳鑫 陈磊 崔德杰[1] 曾路生[1] 金圣爱[1] 赵秀芬[1] 胡春光[1] 王英平 刘蕾 姜超 刘庆花[1] 宋祥云[1,2] Ji Lei;Yue Xin;Chen Lei;Cui Dejie;Zeng Lusheng;Jin Sheng’ai;Zhao Xiufen;Hu Chunguang;Wang Yingping;Liu Lei;Jiang Chao;Liu Qinghua;Song Xiangyun(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Qingdao Rural Environmental Engineering Research Center,Qingdao 266109,China;Shandong Huangdao Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Qingdao 266555,China;Qingdao Laoshan District Agriculture and Water Resources Bureau,Qingdao 266109,China;Binzhou Zhanhua Agricultural Bureau,Binzhou 256800,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛市农村环境工程研究中心,山东青岛266109 [3]山东黄岛出入境检验检疫局,山东青岛266555 [4]青岛市崂山区农业和水利局,山东青岛266109 [5]滨州市沾化区农业局,山东滨州256800

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2019年第1期91-97,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501246);山东省现代农业产业技术体系棉花岗位创新团队(SDAIT-03-06);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800303);山东省重点研究计划项目"绿色盐碱地粮经饲绿色开发关键技术研究与示范"(2016CYJS05A01;2017CXGC0303)

摘　　要：添加生物质炭和秸秆都是增加土壤有机碳含量的有效方式,但二者在增加土壤腐殖物质组分的差异鲜有报道。为了解生物质炭和秸秆对土壤团聚体腐殖质组分及腐殖化程度的影响,通过180 d的室内培养试验研究施入秸秆及生物质炭后土壤团聚体腐殖质不同组分含量的变化。试验结果表明,施用秸秆及生物质炭均显著提高土壤大团聚体(2～0.25 mm)内腐殖物质的有机碳含量,随着培养时间的延长,大团聚体腐殖物质含量逐渐降低。整个培养期施用秸秆或生物质炭均以胡敏素增加为主,施用生物质炭胡敏素含量更高。表明施用生物质炭和秸秆首先增加土壤大团聚体腐殖物质含量,随着时间延长腐殖物质向微团聚体转移,并且胡敏素是增加的主要组分,施加生物质炭效果较施加秸秆更为明显。随着培养时间延长,添加生物质炭后大团聚体土壤HE和HA的E4/E6值增高,而添加秸秆土壤HE和HA的E4/E6值降低。研究结果认为,在短期内,施加生物质炭及秸秆可提高土壤腐殖化程度,可以提高土壤不同粒级团聚体腐殖质有机碳含量,且施加生物质碳和秸秆对增加大团聚体(2～0.25 mm)腐殖物质有机碳含量效果较微团聚体(<0.25 mm)更为明显。添加生物质炭后大团聚体土壤HE和HA逐渐简单化,而添加秸秆土壤HE和HA逐渐复杂化。Biochar and straw are both effective ways to increase soil organic carbon content,but there are few reports on the differences between the two components in increasing soil humic substances.In order to understand the effects of biochar and straw on the humus composition and humification degree of soil aggregates,the changes of the content of different components of soil aggregate humus after applying straw and biochar were studied by the 180-d indoor culture experiment.The results showed that the application of straw and biochar significantly increased the organic carbon content of humic substances in macro aggregates(the soil particle size as 2~0.25 mm)from soil.With the increase of culture time,the content of humus in macro aggregates gradually decreased.The use of straw or biochar during the entire cultivation period mainly increased the humin content,especialy the use of biochar.The results indicated that the application of biochar and straw firstly increased the content of humus in soil macro aggregates,and then the humic substances migrated into micro aggregates with the time prolongation;humin was the main component of the increase,and the application of biochar was more effective than the application of straw.With the prolongation of culture time,the E4/E6 of HE and HA in the macro agglomerate soil increased after the addition of biochar,but decreased in soil added with straw.The results suggested that in the short term,the application of biochar and straw could increase the degree of soil humification.The application of biochar and straw could increase the organic carbon content of humus at different soil particle sizes,and the effect of applying biochar and straw on increasing the organic carbon content of humic substances in macro aggregates(2~0.25 mm)was more obvious than that in micro aggregates(<0.25 mm).The HE and HA of the macro agglomerates in soil gradually became simple after the addition of biochar,but gradually became more complicated in soil added with straw.

关 键 词：生物质炭 秸秆 土壤团聚体 有机碳 腐殖质组成 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]