蜘蛛丝纤维的研究现状与展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Spider Silk Fiber

作　　者：董晶 赵坤伟 程金亮 汪亮 DONG Jing;ZHAO Kunwei;CHEN Jinliang;WANG Liang(Sichuan Textile Research Institute,Chengdu 610000,China;Zhongying Chemical Fiber Co.,Ltd.,Tongxiang 314513,China;Chengdu Hairong Special Textile Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省纺织科学研究院,成都610000 [2]中盈化纤有限公司,浙江桐乡314513 [3]成都海蓉特种纺织品有限公司,成都610000

出　　处：《现代纺织技术》2019年第1期15-19,共5页Advanced Textile Technology

摘　　要：概述了近期国内外丝蛋白及纤维的合成及改性研究现状,发现人造蜘蛛丝蛋白主要来源于基因改变后的桑蚕、大肠杆菌等,对蜘蛛丝纤维物理力学性能的改性方法主要集中在蛛丝蛋白改性、纺丝方法转变、紫外辐射及与其他纺丝液复合纺丝等。通过蜘蛛丝纤维与其他纤维的物理性能比较得知,蜘蛛丝纤维断裂伸长率高(43.4%)、拉伸强力大、耐疲劳性好。同时,简述了蜘蛛丝纤维在复合材料、医用仿生材料以及纺织材料等领域的应用情况,并对蜘蛛丝纤维今后的发展进行了展望。The recent research on the synthesis and modification of spider silk protein and fiber at home and abroad was summarized.It is found that the man-made spider silk protein mainly derives from the silkworm after the gene change,Escherichia coli and so on.The modification methods of mechanical properties of spider silk concentrate mainly on the spider silk protein modification,spinning method change,ultraviolet radiation and other spinning fluid composite spinning.Through the comparison of physical properties of spider silk fiber and other fibers,it is found that the spider silk fiber has high elongation at break(43.4%),strong tensile strength and good fatigue resistance.The application of spider silk fiber in the fields of composite materials,medical biomimetic materials and textile materials was briefly introduced.The future development of spider silk fiber was also prospected.

关 键 词：蜘蛛丝纤维 合成改性 复合材料 医用仿生材料 纺织材料 

分 类 号：TS102.3[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]