东北大豆种质群体在吉林省白城市的表现及其潜在的育种意义  

Performance and genetic potential of northeast China soybean germplasm population in Baicheng City of Jilin Province

作　　者：苏江顺 齐玉鑫[2] 杨君[1] 彭浩[1] 程学良[1] 谭程友 王燕平[2] 任海祥[2] 傅蒙蒙 赵团结[3] 杜维广[2] 盖钧镒[3] SU Jiangshun;QI Yuxin;YANG Jun;PENG Hao;CHENG Xueliang;TAN Chengyou;WANG Yanping;REN Haixiang;FU Mengmeng;ZHAO Tuanjie;DU Weiguang;GAI Junyi(Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng 137000,China;Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Mudanjiang Experimental Station of the National Center for Soybean Improvement,Mudanjiang 157041,China;Soybean Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory for SoybeanBiology,Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture/National Center for Soybean Improvement/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院/国家大豆改良中心牡丹江试验站,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [3]南京农业大学大豆研究所/农业部大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家大豆改良中心/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2019年第1期1-10,共10页Soils and Crops

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院创新基金项目(2017XQ05);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31371651);国家重点基础研究发展计划("国家重计划")(2011CB1093);农业部公益性行业专项(201203026-4);农业部国家大豆产业技术体系CARS-04项目;教育部111项目(B08025);教育部长江学者和创新团队项目(PCSRT13073);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(KYZ201202-8);江苏省优势学科建设工程专项;江苏省JCIC-MCP项目

摘　　要：本研究于2012-2014年间,以搜集到的东北地区各育种单位现存的大豆育成品种和地方品种共计361份为试验材料,通过在白城市田间表型,研究其在该地区的潜在育种价值。研究结果表明:(1)东北大豆种质群体在白城平均全生育期105 d (80. 4～130 d)、株高73. 3 cm (30. 1～131 cm)、主茎节12. 9个(7. 13～18. 9个)、分枝数2. 53个(0. 08～8. 83个)、蛋白质含量41. 0%(36. 8%～46. 1%)、油脂含量21. 4%(18. 0%～23. 7%)、蛋脂总量62. 3%(58. 1%～65. 8%)和百粒重18. 4 g (8. 33～25. 7 g)。(2) MG000和MG00的生育天数比当地无霜期早约50～60 d,集中在83～92 d,不能充分利用当地的自然条件;当地适合熟期组为MGI、MGⅡ,各性状的平均值与群体平均相近。MG000和MG00品质性状优于MGI、MGⅡ,蛋脂总量分别高约2%;株高低20～50 cm,节数低3～9节。MGⅢ熟期中的少部分品种,不能正常成熟,不适合当地种植;品质性状表现差于当地品种,蛋脂总量均低约1%,油脂低约1%;而株高高出约16 cm,节数多2节。(3)油脂含量、蛋白质含量及产量的遗传进度小。根据育种潜势分析,提出了在农艺和品质性状上可用于改良的亲本。To evaluate the performance and genetic potential of the soybean germplasm population,we collected 361 landraces and released cultivars in northeast China and conducted a field experiment to test their local phenotypes in Baicheng City of Jilin Province in 2012-2014.The results showed as follows.(1)Averagely,the population was with 105 d(80.4-130 d)of full growth period,73.3 cm(30.1-131 cm)of plant height,12.9(7.13-18.9)of nodes on main stem,2.53(0.08-8.83)of branch number,41.0%(36.8%-46.1%)of the protein content,21.4%(18.0%-23.7%)of oil content,62.3%(58.1%-65.8%)of total protein and oil content,and 18.4 g(8.33-25.7 g)of 100-seed weight.(2)The MG 000 and MG00 matured in 83-92 d,50-60 d earlier than the first local frost-day,which could not fully use local climatic conditions;while the agronomic traits of MGI and MGⅡgroups were similar to those of the population,which could fully use the local frost-free period.The seed quality traits of MG000 and MG00 were better than those of MGI and MG,with 2%higher oil content or protein-oil content,while their plant heights and nodes on main stem were about 20-50 cm and 3-9 nodes less than those of MGI and MG,respectively.Some of the MGIII could not mature on time and were not suitable for local planting.The seed quality traits of MGⅢwere not as good as those of local varieties,with 1%less oil content or protein-oil content,respectively;while the plant height and nodes on main stem of MGⅢwere about 16 cm and 2 nodes more than those of local varieties,respectively.(3)The genetic progress of oil content,protein content and yield were lower than other agronomic and seed quality traits.Based on the tested data,we proposed some superior accessions as parental materials to improve individual traits for local cultivars.

关 键 词：东北春大豆 熟期组 农艺品质性状 育种潜势 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]