代际义务的论证问题  

The Argumentation of Intergenerational Obligations

作　　者：甘绍平[1,2] Gan Shaoping

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院中国特色社会主义道德文化协同创新中心,首席专家北京100732

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2019年第1期22-41,204,205,共22页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：当代人对于未来人所应遵守的道德规范或所应承负的道德责任,既不能通过自然情感(因为未来人离我们十分遥远),也无法凭借理性合约(因为未来人不可能同我们当代人签订任何对等约束的契约)获得辩护。那么,当代人对遥远的、与我们没有直接血缘关系、同我们无法签订对等契约的未来人所应承担的这样一种单方面的保护责任,可以通过以下理据得到论证。第一,人的社会属性决定了当代人不可能完全排除对后代人生存与福祉的道德关切与伦理顾及。第二,当代人上接前辈下连后代所构成的世代链条序列以及在其基础上形成的代际传承的观念,也决定了当代人有义务将前辈在物质与精神上的馈赠和财富完好无损地传递给后代。第三,后代人作为人类大家庭中的一员,理应享有作为人所应拥有的生存与追求幸福的权利。这三个方面的内容以人的社会属性为核心构成了一个层层递进的逻辑论证与推演脉络。最后,在代际义务中公正原则也是重要的分析与阐述支点,代际伦理为公正这一伦理学重大原则的理论特质和现实具体化提供了一个展现机会。The moral norms and responsibilities shouldered by people of the present in relation to future generations cannot be defended by natural affection (since the latter are far distant from us) or by rational contract (since it is impossible for them to sign a binding reciprocal contract). In the absence of direct blood ties or binding contracts, our present unilateral responsibility for protecting people in the distant future rests on the following grounds. Firstly, man’s social nature determines that people today cannot completely banish moral concern and ethical considerations in relation to the welfare of future generations. Second, the ongoing generational chain and the concept of intergenerational transmission derived there from determines that people of the present day have a duty to preserve intact the material and spiritual gifts and wealth of their forebears and pass on them to future generations. Third, since the latter are also members of the human race, they should have the right to existence and the pursuit of happiness entailed in being human. These three points, based as they are on the social nature of man, build up a logical incremental argument and deductive chain of thought. Finally, within intergenerational obligations, justice is a pivotal analytical and expository feature. The intergenerational ethic provides an opportunity to showcase the theoretical character and immediate realization of this major ethical principle.

关 键 词：代际义务 社会属性 代际链条 权利诉求 公正理念 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]